Variability of the Foliar Phenol Profiles of the  Agave victoriae-reginae  Complex (Agavaceae).

Abstract

Abstract:The foliar phenol profi les of eight populations of the Agave victoriae-reginae complex were determined by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection in order to assess the variability of those compounds across the natural distribution of the complex, and to determine their taxonomical signifi cance. With comparative aims Agave lechuguilla and A. striata were analyzed in the same manner. A total of 81 phenolic compounds were detected, comprising 18 phenolic acids, 51 fl avonoids (26 fl avonols, 19 dihydrovonoids, and six fl avones), and 12 non identifi ed phenols. Each population of the A. victoriaereginae complex showed a different foliar phenol composition, and A. pintilla, the most recently described species of the group, could be distinguished by four compounds not shared with any other analyzed population. Phenolic acids were detected in all taxa. However, a higher proportion of those compounds was found in the A. victoriae-reginae complex, while a predominance of fl avonols (quercetin-3-O-glycosides) was found in A. striata, and a codominance of dihydrofl avonoids and fl avonols in A. lechuguilla, allowing to distinguish species-specifi c profi les. Differences in the contents of some phenolic compounds among those three species and within the A. victoriae-reginae complex were also found. Our results sustain the proposal of considering A. victoriaereginae as a species complex and the separation of A. pintilla as an independent species. The results also reveal the foliar phenol patterns as valuable chemical markers in Agave. Key words: Agave lechuguilla, Agave striata, Agave victoriae-reginae, chemical variability, phenol profi les.Resumen: Se determinaron los perfi les fenólicos foliares de ocho poblaciones del complejo Agave victoriae-reginae por medio de cromatografía líquida de alta resolución con detector de arreglo de diodos para evaluar la variabilidad de esos compuestos a través de la distribución natural del complejo, y para determinar su valor taxonómico. Con fi nes comparativos Agave lechuguilla y Agave striata se analizaron de la misma manera. Se encontró un total de 81 compuestos fenólicos, que incluyeron 18 ácidos fenólicos, 51 fl avonoides (26 fl avonoles, 19 dihidrofl avonoides y seis fl avonas), además de 12 compuestos fenólicos no identifi cados. Cada población del complejo A. victoriae-reginae presentó una composición fenólica foliar diferente, y A. pintilla, la especie más recientemente descrita del grupo, se pudo distinguir por cuatro compuestos no compartidos con ninguna otra población analizada. En todos los taxa se detectaron ácidos fenólicos; sin embargo, una predominancia de estos compuestos se encontró en el complejo A. victoriae-reginae, mientras que en A. striata se encontró predominancia de fl avonoles (derivados de quercetina), y en A. lechuguilla una codominancia de dihidrofl avonoides y fl avonoles, lo que permitió discernir perfi les especie-específi cos. Diferencias en los contenidos de algunos compuestos fenólicos entre estas tres especies ...

Biological efficiency and evaluation of bioactive compounds of wild mexican strains of Hericium erinaceus

“…As shown in table 2, the phenolic content of the fruiting body of the fungus H. erinaceus varies according to the place of collection, even in the same site. The phenolic content is very variable, which coincides with that reported by Almaraz-Abarca et al (2013), who mentions that the phenolic content in fungi varies due to the type of nutrients that make up the substrate and the climatic conditions where they develop, thus influencing their metabolism to generate a wide variety of compounds. The highest total phenolic content was obtained from the mature fruiting body collected in the Espinazo del Diablo site (60.00 mg EAG.g ES -1 ), a value lower than those reported in India by Puttaraju et al (2006) with 290.4 mg EAG.g ES -1 for Lentinula edodes, considered as a medicinal mushroom.…”

Foliar phenolic compounds of ten wild species of Verbenacea as antioxidants and specific chemomarkers

“…These same authors and others (Almaraz-Abarca et al, 2013) have pointed out that under variable environmental conditions, the major changes occur in the concentrations of the individual phenolic compounds, keeping stable the qualitative composition. Thus, given the relevance of the species of Verbenaceae have in traditional medicine worldwide, the foliar phenolic patterns obtained by HPLC-DAD, which were species-specific (Figure 2), represent a chemical fingerprinting that can become an important tool of quality control regarding the specific authentication of plant-based preparations from species of Verbenaceae.…”

Agave angustifolia Haw. Leaves as a Potential Source of Bioactive Compounds: Extraction Optimization and Extract Characterization

“…Morreeuw et al (2021a) [ 8 ] confirmed the presence of mono-, di-, and triglycosylated flavonoids of apigenin, quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin, isorhamnetin, and naringenin in A. lechuguilla . Furthermore, it has been reported that the occurrence of flavonoid glycosides in agave plants is certainly related to the crassulacean-acid metabolism of these plants [ 8 , 69 ]. Another feature of glycosylated flavonoids is their high hydrophilicity, which is greater than their parental aglycones [ 70 ].…”