Variability of thermal and precipitation conditions in the growing season in Poland in the years 1966–2015

Abstract

The aim of the study was to identify the thermal and precipitation conditions and their changes in the growing season in Poland in the years 1966-2015. Data on average daily air temperature and daily precipitation totals for 30 stations from the period of 1966-2015 were used. The data were obtained from the collections of the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management-National Research Institute. The growing season was defined as the period of average daily air temperature ≥ 5°C. The mathematical formulas proposed by Gumiński (1948) were used to determine its start and end dates. In the growing season in Poland in the years 1966-2015, there were more significant changes in the thermal conditions than there were in the precipitation conditions. In terms of long-term trends over the study period, thermal conditions during the growing season are characterised by an increase in mean air temperature, an increase in the sum of air temperatures and an increasing occurrence of seasons classified as abovenormal seasons. Precipitation conditions of the growing season show large temporal and spatial variations in precipitation and a predominance of normal conditions. The changes in precipitation were not statistically significant, except for Świnoujście.

Assessment of Irrigation Needs in Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) in Temperate Climate of Kujawsko-Pomorskie Region (Poland)

“…The average multi-annual precipitation in the period of July-August was an average of 138.2 mm for all locations (Table 3). Comparing this result with the data presented by other authors [17,18,39], one can confirm that the region is one of the areas with the lowest precipitation in Poland. exceeds the difference calculated for the spatial variability of precipitation; moreover, it is also higher than the optimal precipitation (Popt) for sugar beet in the phase of high water needs. Great temporal variability and lesser spatial variation are related to the frequency of the occurrence of droughts during the period of high water needs for sugar beet plants (Table 4).…”

“…In the case of droughts based on indicators computed based only on atmospheric precipitation totals (Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Relative Precipitation Index RPI), there was no significant long-term tendency of change, which means no threat of a growing water deficit. The most current knowledge confirms that atmospheric precipitation during the growing season in Poland does not show significant changes with time [16][17][18].…”

Impact of Irrigation and Fertigation on the Yield and Quality of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) in a Moderate Climate

“…In recent years in Poland, changes in the course of droughts have been observed more frequently, which especially applies to the increase in air temperature [39]. Although the annual precipitation totals in Poland change slightly (a gentle, but not significant increase has been noted), substantial changes have been observed in seasonal and monthly precipitation patterns [40]. Without adequate irrigation, yields can fluctuate each season, resulting in difficulties for sugar manufacturers to plan, as well as financial pressure for farmers.…”

Occurrence and synoptic background of strong and very strong frost in spring and autumn in Central Europe

“…The authors evidenced that disturbances in the upper troposphere co-occurred with strong air temperature anomalies at a level of 850 hPa. The occurrence of the greatest anomalies of heights of isobaric levels in the upper troposphere was also evidenced during other extreme weather phenomena, such as heat waves (Qian et al 2016;Chen et al 2017;Tomczyk et al 2017;Tomczyk et al 2018b;Geirinhas et al 2019), cold waves (Qian et al 2016;Tomczyk et al 2018b;Tomczyk et al 2019) and hot nights (Tomczyk 2018). Many studies evidenced (Qian et al 2016;Chen et al 2017) that the occurrence of extreme weather conditions is preceded by the development of disturbances in the upper troposphere, which can be helpful in forecasting such phenomena.…”

“…Contemporary climate change is unquestionable and evident, among others, in the observed increase in mean global air temperature (IPCC 2013). Global warming is also expressed in the declining number of frost days and in the lengthening of the frost-free seasons (Scheifinger et al 2003;Jylhä et al 2008;Potop et al 2014;Tomczyk et al 2015;Wypych et al 2017;Bielec-Bąkowska et al 2018) and vegetation seasons (Goergen et al 2013;Tomczyk and Szyga-Pluta 2018). Scheifinger et al (2003) evidenced that in the second half of the twentieth century, changes in the date of occurrence of the last day with spring frost in Central Europe fluctuated at a level of 2 days/10 years.…”