Variability of vitamin B12 concentrations in waters along the Northwest Iberian shelf

Barber-Lluch, Esther; Joglar, Vanessa; Moreiras, Guillermo; Leão, José Manuel; Gago-Martı́nez, Ana; Fernández, Emilio; Teira, Eva

doi:10.1016/j.rsma.2020.101608

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…This requirement is similar to laboratory cultures and environmental samples of many fresh and saltwater B 12 ‐dependent algae, which mostly show half‐saturation constants below 100 ng·L −1 (Sañudo‐Wilhelmy et al ., 2006; Tang et al ., 2010; Helliwell, 2017). M. loti released sufficient B 12 to raise the concentration in the media to almost 1000 ng·L −1 of B 12 over 6 days of culture in media optimized for C. reinhardtii , which is considerably higher than is found in most aquatic or soil environments (Daisley, 1969; Sañudo‐Wilhelmy et al ., 2012; Barber‐Lluch et al ., 2021). It should be noted that this is ~100 000‐fold lower than is produced industrially by fermentation using Propionibacterium shermanii or Pseudomonas denitrificans (Acevedo‐Rocha et al ., 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nutrient amendment experiments of aquatic ecosystems have revealed that B 12 or B 12 ‐producers frequently limit phytoplankton growth (Bertrand et al ., 2007; Koch et al ., 2011; Paerl et al ., 2015; Joglar et al ., 2020; Barber‐Lluch et al ., 2021), and laboratory experiments have investigated the effect of B 12 supply on phytoplankton physiology (Bertrand et al ., 2012; Heal et al ., 2019; Koch and Trimborn, 2019; Nef et al ., 2019). Studies have revealed the effects of B 12 on the methionine cycle, C1 metabolism, and cell growth and division in Euglena gracilis (Shehata and Kempner, 1978; Carell and Seeger, 1980), Tisochrysis lutea (Nef et al ., 2019), Thalassiosira pseudonana (Heal et al ., 2019), and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Bunbury et al ., 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring the onset of B₁₂‐based mutualisms using a recently evolved Chlamydomonas auxotroph and B₁₂‐producing bacteria

Bunbury

Deery

Sayer

et al. 2022

Environmental Microbiology

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Summary Cobalamin (vitamin B12) is a cofactor for essential metabolic reactions in multiple eukaryotic taxa, including major primary producers such as algae, and yet only prokaryotes can produce it. Many bacteria can colonize the algal phycosphere, forming stable communities that gain preferential access to photosynthate and in return provide compounds such as B12. Extended coexistence can then drive gene loss, leading to greater algal–bacterial interdependence. In this study, we investigate how a recently evolved B12‐dependent strain of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, metE7, forms a mutualism with certain bacteria, including the rhizobium Mesorhizobium loti and even a strain of the gut bacterium E. coli engineered to produce cobalamin. Although metE7 was supported by B12 producers, its growth in co‐culture was slower than the B12‐independent wild‐type, suggesting that high bacterial B12 provision may be necessary to favour B12 auxotrophs and their evolution. Moreover, we found that an E. coli strain that releases more B12 makes a better mutualistic partner, and although this trait may be more costly in isolation, greater B12 release provided an advantage in co‐cultures. We hypothesize that, given the right conditions, bacteria that release more B12 may be selected for, particularly if they form close interactions with B12‐dependent algae.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the onset of B₁₂‐based mutualisms using a recently evolved Chlamydomonas auxotroph and B₁₂‐producing bacteria

Bunbury

Deery

Sayer

et al. 2022

Environmental Microbiology

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“…With a few exceptions at some stations, all other quantified B 12 congeners contributed little to the total dissolved B 12 pool (Me: 0%; Ado: 0–12%; CN: 0–17%; OH: 0–40%). Thus, excluding Iso‐OH‐B 12 would result in a dramatic underestimate of the total vitamin B 12 pool and lead to significantly lower total concentrations than previously published 27–29 . A potential explanation could be that the conditions facilitating the conversion of OH‐B 12 to Iso‐OH‐B 12 were not met in the water bodies investigated by other groups or that Iso‐OH‐B 12 was measured and presented as OH‐B 12 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Method optimization of the simultaneous detection of B₁₂ congeners leading to the detection of a novel isomer of hydroxycobalamin in seawater

Möller

Krock

Koch

2022

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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Rationale More than half of surveyed microalgae and over 90% of harmful algae have an obligate requirement for vitamin B12, but methods for directly measuring dissolved B12 in seawater are scarce due to low concentrations and rapid light‐induced hydrolysis. Methods We present a method to detect and measure the four main congeners of vitamin B12 dissolved in seawater. The method includes solid‐phase extraction, separation by ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography and detection by triple‐quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry utilizing an electrospray ion source. This method was applied to coastal field samples collected in the German Bay, Baltic Sea and the Danish Limfjord system. Results The total dissolved B12 pool ranged between 0.5 and 2.1 pM. Under ambient conditions methyl‐B12 and adenosyl‐B12 were nearly fully hydrolyzed to hydroxy‐B12 in less than 1 h. Hydroxy‐B12 and a novel, corresponding isomer were the main forms of B12 found at all field sites. This isomer eluted well after the OH‐B12 peak and was also detected in commercially available OH‐B12. Both compounds showed very high similarity in their collision‐induced dissociation spectra. Conclusions The high instability of the biologically active forms of Me‐B12 and Ado‐B12 towards hydrolysis was shown, highlighting the importance of reducing the duration of the extraction protocol. In addition, the vitamin B12 pool in the study area was mostly comprised of a previously undescribed isomer of OH‐B12. Further studies into the structure of this isomer and its bioavailability are needed.

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“…This requirement is similar to laboratory cultures and environmental samples of many fresh and saltwater B 12 -dependent algae, which mostly show half-saturation constants below 100 ng·L -1 (Sañudo-Wilhelmy et al ., 2006; Tang et al ., 2010; Helliwell, 2017). M. loti released sufficient B 12 to raise the concentration in the media to almost 1000 ng·L -1 of B 12 over six days of culture in media optimised for C. reinhardtii , which is considerably higher than is found in most aquatic or soil environments (Daisley, 1969; Sañudo-Wilhelmy et al ., 2012; Barber-Lluch et al ., 2021), although over 100,000 fold lower than is produced industrially by fermentation using Propionibacterium shermanii or Pseudomonas denitrificans (Acevedo-Rocha et al ., 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nutrient amendment experiments of aquatic ecosystems have revealed that B 12 or B 12 -producers frequently limit phytoplankton growth (Bertrand et al ., 2007; Koch et al ., 2011; Paerl et al ., 2015; Joglar et al ., 2020; Barber-Lluch et al ., 2021), and laboratory experiments have investigated the effect of B 12 supply on phytoplankton physiology (Bertrand et al ., 2012; Heal et al ., 2019; Koch and Trimborn, 2019; Nef et al ., 2019). Studies have revealed the effects of B 12 on the methionine cycle, C1 metabolism, and cell growth and division in Euglena gracilis (Shehata and Kempner, 1978; Carell and Seeger, 1980), Tisochrysis lutea (Nef et al, 2019), Thalassiosira pseudonana (Heal et al, 2019) , and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Bunbury et al, 2020) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the onset of B₁₂-based mutualisms using a recently evolved Chlamydomonas auxotroph and B₁₂-producing bacteria

Bunbury

Deery

Sayer

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Cobalamin (vitamin B12), is a cofactor for crucial metabolic reactions in multiple eukaryotic taxa, including major primary producers such as algae, and yet only prokaryotes can produce it. Many bacteria can colonise the algal phycosphere, forming stable communities that gain preferential access to exudates and in return provide compounds, such as B12. Extended coexistence can then drive gene loss, leading to greater algal-bacterial interdependence. In this study, we investigate how a recently evolved B12-dependent strain of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, metE7, forms a mutualism with certain bacteria, including the rhizobium Mesorhizobium loti and even a strain of the gut bacterium E. coli engineered to produce cobalamin. Although metE7 was supported by B12 producers, its growth in co-culture was slower than the B12-independent wild-type, suggesting that high bacterial B12 provision may be necessary to favour B12 auxotrophs and their evolution. Moreover, we found that an E. coli strain that releases more B12 makes a better mutualistic partner, and although this trait may be more costly in isolation, greater B12 release provided an advantage in co-cultures. We hypothesise that, given the right conditions, bacteria that release more B12 may be selected for, particularly if they form close interactions with B12-dependent algae.

show abstract

Variability of vitamin B12 concentrations in waters along the Northwest Iberian shelf

Cited by 9 publications

References 43 publications

Exploring the onset of B₁₂‐based mutualisms using a recently evolved Chlamydomonas auxotroph and B₁₂‐producing bacteria

Exploring the onset of B₁₂‐based mutualisms using a recently evolved Chlamydomonas auxotroph and B₁₂‐producing bacteria

Method optimization of the simultaneous detection of B₁₂ congeners leading to the detection of a novel isomer of hydroxycobalamin in seawater

Exploring the onset of B₁₂-based mutualisms using a recently evolved Chlamydomonas auxotroph and B₁₂-producing bacteria

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Variability of vitamin B12 concentrations in waters along the Northwest Iberian shelf

Cited by 9 publications

References 43 publications

Exploring the onset of B12‐based mutualisms using a recently evolved Chlamydomonas auxotroph and B12‐producing bacteria

Exploring the onset of B12‐based mutualisms using a recently evolved Chlamydomonas auxotroph and B12‐producing bacteria

Method optimization of the simultaneous detection of B12 congeners leading to the detection of a novel isomer of hydroxycobalamin in seawater

Exploring the onset of B12-based mutualisms using a recently evolved Chlamydomonas auxotroph and B12-producing bacteria

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Exploring the onset of B₁₂‐based mutualisms using a recently evolved Chlamydomonas auxotroph and B₁₂‐producing bacteria

Exploring the onset of B₁₂‐based mutualisms using a recently evolved Chlamydomonas auxotroph and B₁₂‐producing bacteria

Method optimization of the simultaneous detection of B₁₂ congeners leading to the detection of a novel isomer of hydroxycobalamin in seawater

Exploring the onset of B₁₂-based mutualisms using a recently evolved Chlamydomonas auxotroph and B₁₂-producing bacteria