Variability Space-Temporal of Annual Precipitation of Wet and Dry Period in the Paraíba State

Abstract

Rainfall is considered an important climatological variable in the semiarid region of Brazil, mainly due to irregularity in its temporal and spatial distribution. It has been aimed at achieving the analysis of spatio-temporal variability of rainfall, maximum, minimum and average annual for the State of Paraíba. Data were used with 30 or more years of observation, analysis was carried out for consistency and homogeneity. To analyze the spatial distribution was used Surfer and their statistical software using the Kriging interpolation method which is considered a good data interpolation methodology and producing maps. From the results it is observed that in January were the most significant rainfall and isolated regions of the Sertão and Alto Sertão Paraiba. In February the distribution already became homogeneous. The months of March and April are the rainy months in every state and from May to Augusts the highest rainfall concentrated in the eastern and southern coastal strip. September considered the driest month and throughout the year rainfall occurred in isolation. The annual distribution showed high spatial variability of rainfall in the central sector of the state with minor fluctuations ranging from 300 to 500mm, in the Sertão and Alto Sertão flowed from 700 to 900mm; in Brejo and Agreste from 700 to 1,200 mm; and Litoral of 1,200 to 1,600mm.

Cluster Analysis Applied to Spatiotemporal Variability of Monthly Precipitation over Paraíba State Using Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Data

“…According to Köppen's climate classification, Paraíba has climate types As' (with dry summer) and BSh (low latitude and altitude) [30]. The Mata Paraibana and Agreste Paraibano mesoregions are characterized by the subtypes As' and Aw (dry winter); Borborema, part of the Agreste Paraibano and the far north of the Sertão Paraibano, is characterized by subtype BSh (semiarid climate); and the subtype As' (warm and semihumid or subhumid climate), which is characterized by high mean temperatures ranging from 22 to 30 • C and by a very narrow annual range, due to the low latitude and elevation (<700 m), occurs in most of the Sertão Paraibano [31].…”

Journal of Water and Land Development

“…Further, SHIAU [2003] noted that reservoir is an important facility in multi-sector water supply system with the main function is to regulate the fluctuating surface water flow. Reservoirs have many benefits, such as flood control, recreational activities, hydroelectric and water supply, which may conflict each other [FRANCISCO et al 2016ADJIM, DJEDID 2018, water reservoir management must consider natural variability, especially climate change and land use change. Several studies have shown that climate change affects the performance of reservoirs due to the extreme reduction of reservoir capacity [BURN, SIMONOVIC 1996;FOWLER et al 2003;LI et al 2010;LOPEZ et al 2009;NAWAZ, ADELOYE 2006].…”

Ecotechnologies for Aquaculture Wastewater Treatment in a Water-Scarce Region

“…Despite such conditions, aquaculture is growing in the region, especially because the São Francisco River presents a rich fish diversity whose potential for economic use is high [9][10][11]. However, this activity poses a great challenge because there must be sufficient water resources for it to be installed and reach its entire potential production volume [12], and, also in this context, rainfall in the Brazilian Semi-arid region is irregularly distributed across time and space [13][14][15], leading to an increase in the ratio between water demand and availability in times of drought, as well as causing an even higher water demand instead of a rationing in times of water drought [16]. These characteristics aggravate the social context of the Brazilian semiarid region, especially when the little water resource available in this region also suffers from the change in quality resulting from effluents when untreated wastewater is discarded [17].…”