Variability Study on Nut Size and Number Trade-Off Identify a Threshold Level for Optimum Yield in Cashew (<i>Anacardium occidentale</i>L.)

Aliyu, Olawale Mashood; Awopetu, JA

doi:10.1080/15538362.2011.630297

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…However, Aliyu and Awopetu (2011) argue that the high and significant correlations (r = 0.76 to r = 0.95) between the weight of the cashew kernel and the weight of the cashew nut indicate that nut size may be a reliable selection indicator for the size of the kernel. Although the existence of a correlation between the variables nut size and weight shows a dependent relationship between the two, an evaluation based simply on this correlation may induce errors into the selection process due to the large variability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…He found significant positive correlations between production and agronomic characteristics that ranged from r = 0.844 to r = 0.988. Aliyu and Awopetu (2011) collected 50 fruit to evaluate the relationships between the size and weight of the nut, the size and weight of the kernel, and the kernel to nut ratio, associating these with market demand.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sampling of cashew nuts from cashew tree clones

2020

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The aim of this work was to estimate sample sizes to assist the genetic improvement of the cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale L.). Stratified sampling, comprising five strata (S5, S4, S3, S2, and S1) of five cashew clones (BRS 274, BRS 275, BRS 226, BRS 189 and CCP 76), was effective for estimating the different sample sizes of the nut. Sample size for each clone depends on the weight-nut variance, the margin of error B permitted in the estimates and the desired precision of the results. The increases in sample size with clone variance, lowered the permitted margin of error B, and increased the desired precision of the results. These clones required different sample sizes for a morphological study of the nuts. Larger nuts require larger samples for the same margin of error B. For an error B of 0.2g, the sample size for clones S5, S4 and S3 were n5 = 84, n4 = 49 and n3 = 37 nuts. For clones BRS 274 (S5) and BRS 275 (S4), with better nut classification, the mean weights were respectively 16.79 and 12.78g. Clones BRS 189 (S2) and CCP 76 (S1), with smaller nuts, have a smaller variances, s22 = 0.7638 and s12 = 1.0712, where the mean weight was 8.29 and 7.81g respectively.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sampling of cashew nuts from cashew tree clones

2020

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“…Although the existence of correlation between the variables size and weight of the nut shows a dependence relation between them, an evaluation based simply on this correlation may induce to errors in the selection process due to the large variability. Aliyu & Awopetu (2011) found a coefficient of variation (CV = 25%) in the kernel weight to nut weight ratio, and in the weight of kernel (CV = 40.68%) and nut (CV = 52.02 %) respectively. To evaluate the weight and size characteristics of all fruit of all plants in these experiments, and even of all plants in one plot, is impossible in practice, as cashew trees produce a large amount of fruit during the season.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Aliyu (2006) used a sample of 40 cashew nuts to analyse the production components of the cashew tree, and to quantify the phenotypic relationships between nut production and other agronomic characteristics, and found significant positive correlations, from r = 0.844 to r = 0.988, between production and agronomic characteristics. Aliyu & Awopetu (2011) collected 50 fruit to evaluate the relationships between size and weight of nut, the size and weight of the kernel, and kernel to nut ratio, associating them to market requirements. Chacko (1997) used a sample of 100 nuts per plant to determine the nut mean weight and to identify trees with highyield potential, capable of producing medium to large nuts (6 g to 10 g), and kernels over 1.8 g. Almeida et al (1992) studied the physical characteristics of nuts and kernels from the progeny of four dwarf cashew clones, CCP 06, CCP 09, CCP 76, and CCP 1001, to evaluate the respective genotypes based on these characteristics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sampling of cashew nuts as an aid to research for the genetic improvement of cashew tree

Rossetti

Neto

Barros

2019

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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The objective of this work was to estimate sample sizes of cashew (Anacardium occidentale) nuts as an aid to the genetic improvement of cashew tree. Nuts were separated by size: nuts < 17 mm were classified as size 1 (S1); 17 mm ≤ nuts < 19 mm, size 2 (S2); 19 mm ≤ nuts < 23 mm, size 3 (S3); 23 mm ≤ nuts < 25 mm, size 4 (S4); and nuts ≥ 25 mm, size 5 (S5). Sizing the sample for each stratum depends on the variance of nut size and on the error level B allowed for either the estimates or the desired precision in the results. The sample size will be larger the greater the variance of the stratum, the lower the error level allowed for the estimates, or the greater the precision desired in the results. For an error B = 0.2 g, the sample sizes of the S5, S4, and S3 strata were n 5 = 42 nuts, n 4 = 30 nuts, and n 3 = 19 nuts, respectively. In the S5 and S4 strata, with better nut classifications, the average weight was 12.71 and 9.76 g, respectively. The Sm stratum -formed by the mixture of nuts of several sizes -should not be used as a parameter in this context due to its great variability, which is far larger than that of the other strata. Stratified sampling composed of six strata (S1, S2, ..., S5, Sm) is effective for estimating different sizes of nut samples.Index terms: Anacardium occidentale, sample size, sampling precision, uniform stratified random sampling. Amostragem de castanha-de-caju como suporte às pesquisas de melhoramento genético do cajueiroResumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar tamanhos de amostras de castanhade-caju (Anacardium occidentale) como suporte às atividades de melhoramento genético do cajueiro. As castanhas foram separadas por tamanho: castanhas < 17 mm foram classificadas como tamanho 1 (S1); 17 ≤ castanhas < 19 mm, tamanho 2 (S2); 19 ≤ castanhas < 23 mm, tamanho 3 (S3); 23 ≤ castanhas < 25 mm, tamanho 4 (S4); e castanhas ≥ 25 mm, tamanho 5 (S5). O dimensionamento da amostra de cada estrato depende da variância do tamanho da castanha e do nível de erro B admitido para as estimativas ou para a precisão desejada nos resultados. O tamanho da amostra será maior quanto maior for a variância do estrato, menor o nível de erro admitido nas estimativas, ou maior a precisão desejada nos resultados. Para um erro B = 0,2 g, os tamanhos de amostra dos estratos S5, S4 e S3 foram n 5 = 42 castanhas, n 4 = 30 castanhas e n 3 = 19 castanhas, respectivamente. Nos estratos S5 e S4, com melhor classificação de castanhas, as massas médias foram, respectivamente, 12,71 e 9,76 g. O estrato Sm -formado pela mistura de castanhas de diversos tamanhos -não deve ser utilizado como parâmetro nesse contexto, em razão de sua grande variabilidade, que é muito maior do que as dos demais estratos. A amostragem estratificada, composta por seis estratos (S1, S2, ..., S5, Sm), é eficaz para estimar amostras de castanhas de diferentes tamanhos.Termos para indexação: Anacardium occidentale, tamanho de amostra, precisão de amostragem, amostragem aleatória estratificada uniforme.A.G. Rossetti et al.

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“…De meilleures performances ont été rapportées par d'autres études, à savoir 8,6 g pour le clone W227 au Ghana, rapporté par Dadzie et al (2014), des valeurs de 8,64 à 9,45 g rapportées par Horea et al (2015) et de 9,26 à 9,95 g par Singh et al (2010). Ce caractère revêt une grande importance en amélioration variétale parce qu'il présente une forte corrélation positive avec le grade d'amandes selon (Aliyu and Awopetu, 2011).…”

Section: Performances Agronomiques Des Arbresunclassified

Agro morphological characterization of cashew trees (Anacardium occidental L.), in improvement for the high yield and high quality of raw nuts in Burkina Faso

Tarpaga¹,

Bourgou²,

Guira³

et al. 2021

Int. J. Bio. Chem. Sci

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The cashew sector has taken a great economic interest, due to the strong global demand for raw nuts. However, in Burkina Faso, the productivity of orchards still remains low, a consequence of a lack of breeding program on the species. In order to increase yields and improve the quality of the raw nut, efficient clones must be developed. Surveys were carried out and a primary in situ collection was made from which a core collection of 15 trees was extracted. An agro-morphological description of the selected trees and an analysis of the structuration of the variability within them were carried out. The study revealed appreciable agro-morphological diversity through shape, size and color of apple, type of inflorescence, fruiting period and the health of trees. A structure of diversity based on agronomic criteria led to identify 5 groups of trees, characterized by an average weight of the nut between 6.64 and 8.32 g, a kernel rate between 28.10 and 31.26% and a yield per tree between 34.27 and 104.42 kg. Performing trees will be erected as heads of clones for the production of grafted plants. La filière anacarde a pris un grand intérêt économique, suite à la forte demande mondiale en noix brutes. Cependant, au Burkina Faso, la productivité des vergers demeure encore faible, conséquence d’une absence de sélection variétale du matériel végétal. En vue d’accroître les rendements et d’améliorer la qualité de la noix brute, une recherche de clones performants était indispensable. Des prospections ont été conduites et une collection primaire in situ a été constituée dont une core collection de 15 arbres a été extraite. Une description agro-morphologique des arbres sélectionnés et une analyse de la structuration de la variabilité en son sein ont été conduites. L’étude a révélé une diversité agro morphologique appréciable à travers la forme, le calibre et la couleur de la pomme, le type d’inflorescence, la période de fructification et l’état sanitaire des arbres. Une structuration de la diversité basée sur les critères agronomiques a permis d’identifier 5 groupes d’arbres, caractérisés par un poids moyen de la noix compris entre 6,64 et 8,32 g, un taux d’amande compris entre 28,10 et 31,26% et un rendement par arbre compris entre 34,27 et 104,42 kg. Les arbres les plus performants constitueront des têtes de clones pour la production de plants par greffage.

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Variability Study on Nut Size and Number Trade-Off Identify a Threshold Level for Optimum Yield in Cashew (Anacardium occidentaleL.)

Cited by 18 publications

References 37 publications

Sampling of cashew nuts from cashew tree clones

Sampling of cashew nuts from cashew tree clones

Sampling of cashew nuts as an aid to research for the genetic improvement of cashew tree

Agro morphological characterization of cashew trees (Anacardium occidental L.), in improvement for the high yield and high quality of raw nuts in Burkina Faso

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