Exploration of nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals that
are competent
in generating short-wavelength ultraviolet (UV, λ ≤ 266
nm, and even deep-UV, λ ≤ 200 nm) coherent light output
by direct second harmonic generation (SHG) remains a formidable challenge.
Herein, four UV/deep-UV NLO crystals, M2B4SO10 (M = K, Rb, and Cs) and Rb3B11PO19F3, were successfully synthesized by evolving
the KBe2BO3F2 (KBBF) structure into
mixed-anionic borosulfate and fluoroborophosphate systems. They display
functional [B4SO10]∞ or [B11PO19F3]∞ KBBF-type
layers that are composed of [BO3], [BO4], and
[SO4] groups or [BO3], [BO4], [BO3F], and [PO4] groups, respectively. Experimental
characterization and numerical computation results indicate that these
crystals possess exceptional NLO performance, including large SHG
responses (0.9–1.7 × KDP at 1064 nm and 0.1–0.3
× β-BBO at 532 nm) and adequate birefringence to fulfill
the SHG phase-matching (PM) condition at 266 nm. In particular, the
shortest type-I PM wavelength (λPM) of Rb3B11PO19F3 reaches 180 nm, which
implies that Rb3B11PO19F3 can become a prospective deep-UV NLO crystal. In addition, single
crystals of K2B4SO10, Rb2B4SO10, and Cs2B4SO10 are easily obtained by the high-temperature solution approach.
This work will facilitate the discovery of short-wavelength PM NLO
crystals by using the KBBF structure as the template.