Variable High‐Temperature Tolerance among Kentucky Bluegrass Cultivars

Howard, Harold F.; Watschke, T. L.

doi:10.2134/agronj1991.00021962008300040008x

Cited by 23 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In our drought treatment, total root biomass density was not different among species from the control, indicating drought alone did not reduce total root biomass production of HBG, KBG, or TF. This is contrary to reports by other researchers who observed declines in total root biomass production under drought (Howard and Watschke, 1991; Huang et al, 1997). In our study, 60% ET replacement (drought treatment) may have stimulated root growth during the early periods of treatment before inhibiting root growth as severity of the drought effects intensified.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…High temperature and high temperature combined with drought reduced total root biomass compared with the control and drought treatments ( Table 2). These results are similar to other studies where root biomass production was reduced by high temperatures (Howard and Watschke, 1991;Huang et al, 1997Huang et al, , 1998Huang, 2000a, 2000b;Huang and Liu, 2003). In our drought treatment, total root biomass density was not diff erent among species from the control, indicating drought alone did not reduce total root biomass production of HBG, KBG, or TF.…”

Section: Aboveground Biomass and Root Biomass Densitysupporting

confidence: 92%

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Effects of High Temperature and Drought on a Hybrid Bluegrass Compared with Kentucky Bluegrass and Tall Fescue

Bremer

Keeley

et al. 2007

Crop Science

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High temperature and drought stresses may reduce quality in cool-season turfgrasses during summer months in the transition zone. This growth chamber study was conducted to evaluate effects of high temperature and drought on physiology and growth of 'Apollo' Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) (KBG), 'Dynasty' tall fescue (Festuca arundincea Schreb.) (TF), and 'Thermal Blue', a hybrid (HBG) between KBG and Texas bluegrass (Poa arachnifera Torr.). Turfgrasses were exposed for 48 days to supra-optimal (high temperature; 35/25 o C, 14-h day/10-h night) and optimal (control; 22/15 o C, 14-h day/10-h night) temperatures under well-watered (100% evapotranspiration [ET] replacement) and deficit (60% ET replacement) irrigation. Heat resistance was greater in HBG, which had greater visual quality, gross photosynthesis (Pg), dry matter production, and lower electrolyte leakage and soil-surface temperatures than KBG and TF under high temperature. Cumulative Pg during the study was 16% and 24% greater in HBG than in KBG and TF, respectively. Green leaf area index (LAI) in HBG was not affected by high temperature, but LAI was reduced by 29 % in KBG and 38% in TF. Differences in drought resistance were negligible among species. The combination of high temperature and drought caused rapid declines in visual quality and dry matter production, but HBG generally performed better. Results indicated greater heat resistance, but not drought resistance, in HBG than in KBG or TF.1 High temperature and drought stresses are significant problems in cool-season turfgrasses during summer months in the U.S. transition zone, which covers 480 to 1120 km north to south between the northern regions where cool-season grasses are adapted and the southern regions where warm-season grasses are adapted (Dunn and Diesburg, 2004). High temperature and drought stresses often occur simultaneously during summer months and may limit growth and cause a severe decline in the visual quality of cool-season turfgrasses (Perdomo et al., 1996;Bonos and Murphy, 1999;Jiang and Huang, 2000;Wang and Huang, 2004). Recent increases in competition for water have resulted in restrictions in water use for irrigation of turfgrasses (EIFG, 2004), which further exacerbates the problem of drought stress in cool-season turfgrasses. Predictions of higher temperatures from global warming also suggest that heat stress in cool-season turfgrasses may become more common in some regions, including the transition zone (National Assessment Synthesis Team, 2000).Hybrid bluegrasses (HBG), which are genetic crosses between native Texas bluegrass and KBG, may have greater heat and drought resistance than other cool-season grasses. Hybrid bluegrasses have similar visual qualities to KBG, which is a fine-textured, cool-season turfgrass commonly used in lawns and golf courses in the U.S. (Read et al., 1999;Turgeon, 2002).Consequently, new cultivars of HBG are being investigated as potential water-saving, heatresistant alternatives to current cool-season turfgrasses. Abraham et al. (...

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Aboveground Biomass and Root Biomass Densitysupporting

confidence: 92%

Effects of High Temperature and Drought on a Hybrid Bluegrass Compared with Kentucky Bluegrass and Tall Fescue

Bremer

Keeley

et al. 2007

Crop Science

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“…3; Table 4). Similar ratios of fructan to glucose have been reported in CBG and Kentucky bluegrass (Howard and Watschke, 1991; Liu and Huang, 2000a). Averaged across temperatures and harvests, RBG maintained more glucose in shoots and roots than did CBG (Table 4).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

Physiological Changes in Roughstalk Bluegrass Exposed to High Temperature

et al. 2012

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Roughstalk bluegrass (Poa trivialis L.) (RBG) is more heat sensitive than creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) (CBG), but the physiological basis for this difference is poorly understood. Our objective was to determine the impact of high temperature on growth, root viability, concentrations of total nonstructural carbohydrates, fructan, glucose, protein, and amino acid in shoots and roots of RBG and CBG. One CBG (‘L93’) and two RBG cultivars (‘Laser’ and ‘Pulsar’) were grown in growth chambers at 23, 28, or 33°C and harvested 0, 10, 14, 21, 28, or 35 d after introduction (DAI) to high temperatures. Growth and physiological responses of Laser and Pulsar RBG were similar; therefore, differences between species were analyzed using Pulsar to represent RBG. Creeping bentgrass maintained better turf quality than RBG at 33°C and produced 15 mg of clipping dry wt. d−1 compared to only 0.5 mg dry wt. d−1 for RBG at 33°C 35 DAI. Root viability of RBG was higher than that of CBG at 23 and 28°C, but the reverse was true at 33°C. Fructan concentrations in RBG roots increased as exposure lengths increased, unlike in CBG. At 33°C, shoot amino acid concentration of RBG increased 223% compared to only 64% in CBG relative to concentrations in tissue exposed to 23°C. Our study identified differences in growth and physiological responses of CBG and RBG to high temperature that improve our understanding of differences between these species when grown in the field.

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“…C ool‐season turfgrasses often suffer from extended periods of drought stress, heat stress, or both during summer months in the transitional zone. Drought and heat stresses cause declines in turf quality that has been associated with reductions in root growth, leaf water potential, cell membrane stability, photosynthetic rate, photochemical efficiency, and carbohydrate accumulation (Howard and Watschke, 1991; Carrow, 1996; Perdomo et al, 1996; Huang et al, 1998a,b; Huang and Gao, 1999; Jiang and Huang, 2000). Simultaneous drought and heat stresses are more detrimental than either stress alone for various plant species.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Drought and Heat Stress Injury to Two Cool‐Season Turfgrasses in Relation to Antioxidant Metabolism and Lipid Peroxidation

2001

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Drought and high temperature are two major factors limiting the growth of cool‐season turfgrasses during summer in many areas. The objective of the study was to examine whether the adverse effects of drought and heat alone or in combination on tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea L.) and Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) involve oxidative stress. Grasses were exposed to drought (withholding irrigation), heat (35°C/30°C), and the combined stresses for 30 d in growth chambers. Turf quality (TQ), leaf relative water content (RWC), and chlorophyll content (Chl) decreased with prolonged drought, heat, and combined stresses for both species, but the severity of decline varied with stress type and duration. Transient increases in superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (AP), and glutathione reductase (GR) activities occurred at 6 or 12 d of drought and the combined stresses in both species; however, the activities of all three enzymes decreased with extended periods of drought and the combined stresses. The SOD activity was not affected by heat stress alone. The activities of AP and GR were reduced after 18 d of heat stress for both species, but reductions were less than under the combined stresses. The catalase (CAT) activity continued to decrease to below the control level, beginning at 12 d for drought‐stressed or heat‐stressed plants and 6 d for plants exposed to the combined stresses. Lipid peroxidation occurred after 18 d of stresses in both species, as indicated by the increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) content. The results suggested that injuries of drought, heat, or the combined stresses to both tall fescue and Kentucky bluegrass, as manifested by declines in TQ, RWC, and Chl, could be associated with a decrease in antioxidant enzyme activities and an increase in membrane lipid peroxidation.

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Variable High‐Temperature Tolerance among Kentucky Bluegrass Cultivars

Cited by 23 publications

References 9 publications

Effects of High Temperature and Drought on a Hybrid Bluegrass Compared with Kentucky Bluegrass and Tall Fescue

Effects of High Temperature and Drought on a Hybrid Bluegrass Compared with Kentucky Bluegrass and Tall Fescue

Physiological Changes in Roughstalk Bluegrass Exposed to High Temperature

Drought and Heat Stress Injury to Two Cool‐Season Turfgrasses in Relation to Antioxidant Metabolism and Lipid Peroxidation

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