Variable normal-fault rupture behavior, northern Lost River fault zone, Idaho, USA

DuRoss, Christopher B.; Bunds, M. P.; Gold, Ryan D.; Briggs, Richard W.; Reitman, Nadine G.; Personius, Stephen F.; Toké, Nathan A.

doi:10.1130/ges02096.1

Cited by 38 publications

(38 citation statements)

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“…In ArcMap©, we compiled scientific results about prehistoric and the 1983Eq along the LRF 13 , 14 , 19 – 23 , 39 – 45 . We used satellite imagery to define potential field sites, focusing on accessibility, vegetation covering, landownership, topographic altitude, and “no-fly zone” areas.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…( c) Illustration of VS measurement on a photograph at Double Spring Pass road, along the Thousand Springs segment (after DuRoss et al . 23 ). The vertical back line shows the fault location.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The DEMs and orthomosaics were used for mapping in ArcMap© at a fixed scale 1:400, also taking into consideration the maps produced by previous authors 13 , 23 . We mapped keeping the same continuous line for each clearly visible trace on the 1:400 scale of our DEMs and orthomosaics.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DuRoss et al . 23 reexamined the surface deformation produced by the 1983Eq, showing that structural-geological complexities present along the fault guided the coseismic deformation pattern along its northern 16 km and providing new mapping and vertical separation measurements (Supplementary Figure 1 ).

Fig.…”

Section: Background and Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-resolution surface faulting from the 1983 Idaho Lost River Fault Mw 6.9 earthquake and previous events

et al. 2021

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We present high-resolution mapping and surface faulting measurements along the Lost River fault (Idaho-USA), a normal fault activated in the 1983 (Mw 6.9) earthquake. The earthquake ruptured ~35 km of the fault with a maximum throw of ~3 m. From new 5 to 30 cm-pixel resolution topography collected by an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, we produce the most comprehensive dataset of systematically measured vertical separations from ~37 km of fault length activated by the 1983 and prehistoric earthquakes. We provide Digital Elevation Models, orthophotographs, and three tables of: (i) 757 surface rupture traces, (ii) 1295 serial topographic profiles spaced 25 m apart that indicate rupture zone width and (iii) 2053 vertical separation measurements, each with additional textual and numerical fields. Our novel dataset supports advancing scientific knowledge about this fault system, refining scaling laws of intra-continental faults, comparing to other earthquakes to better understand faulting processes, and contributing to global probabilistic hazard approaches. Our methodology can be applied to other fault zones with high-resolution topographic data.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fig.…”

Section: Background and Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-resolution surface faulting from the 1983 Idaho Lost River Fault Mw 6.9 earthquake and previous events

et al. 2021

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“…Large earthquakes can potentially terminate geyser eruptions (Hurwitz & Manga, 2017). The lack of large ( M > 7) documented regional earthquakes during that period (DuRoss et al, 2019; Larsen et al, 2019) does not support this hypothesis as the mechanism behind Old Faithful's extended quiescence. A hydroclimatic explanation, however, is supported by the temporal coincidence of geyser dormancy with extended, severe drought.…”

Section: Hiatus In Geyser Eruptions Coincident With a Regional Droughtmentioning

confidence: 97%

Yellowstone's Old Faithful Geyser Shut Down by a Severe Thirteenth Century Drought

Hurwitz

King²,

Pederson

et al. 2020

Geophysical Research Letters

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To characterize eruption activity of the iconic Old Faithful Geyser in Yellowstone National Park over past centuries, we obtained 41 new radiocarbon dates of mineralized wood preserved in the mound of silica that precipitated from erupted waters. Trees do not grow on active geyser mounds, implying that trees grew on the Old Faithful Geyser mound during a protracted period of eruption quiescence. Rooted stumps and root crowns located on higher parts of the mound are evidence that at the time of tree growth, the geyser mound closely resembled its current appearance. The range of calibrated radiocarbon dates (1233-1362 CE) is coincident with a series of severe multidecadal regional droughts toward the end of the Medieval Climate Anomaly, prior to the onset of the Little Ice Age. Climate models project increasingly severe droughts by mid-21st century, suggesting that geyser eruptions could become less frequent or completely cease. Plain Language Summary The rarity of natural geysers reflects the special conditions needed for their formation, including an abundant supply of water. Therefore, severe droughts of extended duration could have led to large variations in the frequency and intensity of geyser eruptions. To characterize potential changes in eruption activity of the iconic Old Faithful Geyser in Yellowstone National Park over past centuries, we collected mineralized wood samples from its mound and used radiocarbon to date when these trees grew. Because trees do not live on active geyser mounds, we infer that the trees grew during a protracted period without eruptions. The dated fossil trees are from the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries during a time with severe multidecadal droughts in the region. Because climate models forecast increasingly severe droughts by mid-21st century, geyser eruptions could become less frequent or completely cease.

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3D coseismic surface displacements from historical aerial photographs of the 1987 Edgecumbe earthquake, New Zealand

Delano

Stahl

Howell

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Earthquake surface deformation provides key constraints on the geometry, kinematics, displacements, and complexity of fault rupture. However, deriving these precise characteristics from past earthquakes is complicated by a lack of detailed knowledge of landforms before the earthquake and how the landform has since been modified. The 1987 Mw 6.6 Edgecumbe earthquake in the northern Taupō volcanic zone in New Zealand represents a moderate-magnitude earthquake with complicated surface rupture that occurred before widespread high-resolution topographic data were available. We use historical aerial photos to build pre-and post-earthquake digital surface models using structure-from-motion techniques. By differencing the two surface models, we more definitively measure discrete and distributed deformation from this earthquake and compare the effectiveness of the technique to traditional field-and lidar-based studies. We identified most fault traces recognized by field mapping in 1987, mapped new traces not recorded in the field, and take denser, detailed remote slip measurements with a vertical separation resolution of ~0.3 m. Our maximum and average vertical separation measurements on the Edgecumbe fault trace (2.5 ± 0.3 m and 1.2 m, respectively), are similar to field-based maximum and recalculated averages of 2.4 m and 1.1 m, respectively. Importantly, this technique is able to discern between new fault scarps and pre-existing fault scarps better than field techniques or lidar-based measurements alone. Results from this approach can be used to refine estimated subsurface fault geometries and slip distributions at depth, and here is used to investigate potential magmatic-tectonic stress trigging in the northern Taupō volcanic zone.

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Variable normal-fault rupture behavior, northern Lost River fault zone, Idaho, USA

Cited by 38 publications

References 69 publications

High-resolution surface faulting from the 1983 Idaho Lost River Fault Mw 6.9 earthquake and previous events

High-resolution surface faulting from the 1983 Idaho Lost River Fault Mw 6.9 earthquake and previous events

Yellowstone's Old Faithful Geyser Shut Down by a Severe Thirteenth Century Drought

3D coseismic surface displacements from historical aerial photographs of the 1987 Edgecumbe earthquake, New Zealand

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