Variable Ratio Hydrostatic Transmission Simulator for Optimal Wind Power Drivetrains

Garcia-Bravo, José; Ayala-Garcia, Ivo N.; Cepeda-Aguilar, Juan L.

doi:10.1155/2017/5651736

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In 2015, Gu et al studied the same transmission system, shown as Figure 23, and studied the characteristics of the hydraulic system, and compared with the mechanical transmission system, the fully hydraulic wind turbine could effectively absorb the fluctuating load from the wind turbine rotor 101 . And it was testified in Garcia‐Bravo et al 102 that the VPFM has the ability of a hydrostatic variable ratio to produce constant electric power at varying wind speeds.…”

Section: The Hydraulic Technology Applications In Wind Turbinementioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the application of hydraulic technology in wind turbine

et al. 2020

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With the development of large-scale wind power generation and offshore wind energy, reducing the nacelle weight and the gear failure rate is increasingly important.Hydraulic transmission is characterized by its flexible layout and transmits large energy with small volume and weight, which suits the demands of wind power generation. In this paper, a thorough review of hydraulic technology application in wind energy is carried out, in the aspect of pitch, brake, yaw, transmission, new applications, and the potential problems. K E Y W O R D S hydraulic brake, hydraulic pitch, hydraulic transmission, hydraulic yaw, new applications, wind energy 1 | INTRODUCTIONHydraulic transmission applied to wind energy is not a new concept, and early works by JERICO 1 showed that a lack of component availability is the main factor hindering its implementation. Some commercial wind turbines are equipped with hydraulic pitch or yaw mechanism, but after several years, oil leakages affected the turbine exterior and the control performance forcing the reuse of electrical systems. With the development of hydraulic components and the growing size of wind power generation, hydraulic technology has gradually been applied in wind energy, such as the hydraulic pitch system 2 listed in Table 1, the hydraulic braking system, 3 and hydraulic transmission system 4,5 depicted in Table 2. With the development of hydraulic components and offshore wind energy (which has been estimated by the MAKE to be a 3.9GW grid capacity in 2018), hydraulic wind turbine will find its new development.In this paper, an overall review of the hydraulic technology applied in wind energy, including the hydraulic structure and the corresponding control strategy, is carried out. The article is structured as follows: In the first section, hydraulic technology and wind energy basic situation are mainly introduced, especially their potential binding points. In the second section, the hydraulic application in the pitch, brake, yaw, transmission between the rotor and the generator, and other novel application are mainly described. In the third section, a review about the hydraulic components studied specially for wind energy is made. In the fourth section, the deficiency and advantage of hydraulic energy applied in wind energy and the application prospect are discussed.

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Section: The Hydraulic Technology Applications In Wind Turbinementioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the application of hydraulic technology in wind turbine

et al. 2020

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“…In general, properly designed hydromechanical transmissions proved themselves as reliable systems that perform robustly under sever industrial operating conditions. During the last few decades, many configurations of hydromechanical transmissions have been extensively investigated theoretically and experimentally in wind energy industry 28,32,37–45 . The main objective of the adoption of a hydromechanical transmission in wind turbine drivetrains is the elimination of the “unreliable” power conversion electronics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extremum‐seeking control for energy‐harvesting enhancement of wind turbines with hydromechanical drivetrains

2020

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Efficiency and reliability enhancement of distributed wind energy systems have been the subject of extensive research effort for the purpose of energy cost reduction and power availability. This work investigates the integration of a hydromechanical power split transmission into the drivetrain of a stall-regulated wind turbine with a fixedspeed generator to enhance the overall system efficiency without compromising its reliability. The proposed drivetrain configuration introduces a variable transmission ratio capability, thus enabling the turbine rotor to cope with varying wind speeds independent of the fixed generator speed. An extremum-seeking control approach is adopted to maximize energy harvesting by controlling a variable geometric volume hydraulic pump without the need for wind speed measurement. Compared with a stall-regulated fixed-speed wind turbine, the performance of the proposed wind turbine configuration is evaluated in simulation environment under different wind speed conditions. The results demonstrate the ability of the proposed wind turbine configuration to significantly improve the system overall efficiency in partial and full-load regions of operation. Consequently, the proposed wind turbine configuration with extremum-seeking control can be considered as an efficient and reliable possible alternative for future distributed and isolated wind energy systems. K E Y W O R D S distributed wind turbines, extremum-seeking control, fatigue loading, hydromechanical drivetrain, power splitting, wind turbine efficiency 1 | INTRODUCTION Wind energy represents one of the major renewable energy resources available for sustainable power generation. The installed wind power capacity and the annual wind power generation have grown rapidly worldwide in the last few decades. 1 However, the future growth in wind energy projects is contingent upon the reduction of its cost. Ultimately, the enhancement of both efficiency and reliability of wind energy systems leads to significant reduction in wind power cost and maintains its availability. This objective motivates the implementation of novel wind energy system configurations and the adoption of advanced control algorithms. Based on their electrical configurations, wind energy systems can be classified as either fixed-speed or variable-speed. 2 Basically, stall-regulated fixed-speed wind energy systems are equipped with squirrel-cage induction generators and operate efficiently in the vicinity of a specific wind speed. As the wind speed varies away from that specified value, the efficiency of these systems drops significantly. Stall-regulated fixed-speed configuration represented a viable choice for small and medium-scale wind turbines (i.e., less than 1 MW) due to its low cost and relatively high reliability, 3 especially in distributed and isolated power systems. However, the relatively low efficiency of stall-regulated fixed-speed wind turbines hinders the growth of their installation.

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Modelling of the system “driver - automation - autonomous vehicle - road”

Koralewski

2020

Open Engineering

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AbstractThe work presents a simulation model of a “driver–automation–autonomous vehicles–road” system which is the basis for synthesis of automatic gear shift control system. The mathematical description makes use of physical quantities which characterise driving torque transformation from the combustion engine to the car driven wheels. The basic components of the model are algorithms for the driver’s action logic in controlling motion velocity, logic of gear shift control functioning regarding direction and moment of switching, for determining right-hand side of differential equations and for motion quality indicators. The model is realised in a form of an application software package, comprising sub-programmes for input data, for computerised motion simulation of cars with mechanical and hydro-mechanical – automatically controlled – transmission systems and for models of characteristic car routes.

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Variable Ratio Hydrostatic Transmission Simulator for Optimal Wind Power Drivetrains

Cited by 3 publications

References 14 publications

Review of the application of hydraulic technology in wind turbine

Review of the application of hydraulic technology in wind turbine

Extremum‐seeking control for energy‐harvesting enhancement of wind turbines with hydromechanical drivetrains

Modelling of the system “driver - automation - autonomous vehicle - road”

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