Variable risk of atopic disease due to indoor fungal exposure in <scp>NHANES</scp> 2005–2006

Sharpe, Richard; Thornton, Christopher R.; Tyrrell, Jessica; Nikolaou, Vasilis; Osborne, Nicholas J.

doi:10.1111/cea.12549

Cited by 49 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…This nicely aligns with recent mechanistic data (discussed below) demonstrating that β-glucan exposure exacerbates atopic asthma [12••]. Sharpe et al [60] also found an association between self-reported presence of mildew/musty odor and atopic asthma, but not with non-atopic asthma.…”

Section: Role Of Fungal Exposure In Asthma Healthsupporting

confidence: 87%

Fungal Exposure and Asthma: IgE and Non-IgE-Mediated Mechanisms

Zhang

Reponen

Hershey

2016

Curr Allergy Asthma Rep

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Fungi are ubiquitous in indoor and outdoor environments and have been associated with respiratory disease including childhood and adult asthma. A growing body of evidence from human and animal studies has revealed a link between fungal exposure, especially indoor fungal exposure, with asthma initiation, persistence, and exacerbation. Despite the overwhelming evidence linking mold exposure and asthma, the mechanistic basis for the association has remained elusive. It is now clear that fungi need not be intact to impart negative health effects. Fungal components and fungal fragments are biologically active and contribute to asthma development and severity. Recent mechanistic studies have demonstrated that fungi are potent immunomodulators and have powerful effects on asthma independent of their potential to act as antigens. This paper will review the connection between fungal exposure and asthma with a focus on the immunological mechanisms underlying this relationship.

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Section: Role Of Fungal Exposure In Asthma Healthsupporting

confidence: 87%

Fungal Exposure and Asthma: IgE and Non-IgE-Mediated Mechanisms

Zhang

Reponen

Hershey

2016

Curr Allergy Asthma Rep

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“…Qualitative assessments of fungal exposure in the form of mildew odor or visible mold have been linked with increased risk of allergic rhinitis and asthma 96-98 . This finding is corroborated by studies using quantitative fungal measures, such as DNA-based analyses 99 and β-1,3-glucan measurements 100, 101 .…”

Section: Indoor Allergen Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental determinants of allergy and asthma in early life

Burbank¹,

Sood²,

Kesic

et al. 2017

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

252

177

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Allergic disease prevalence has significantly increased in recent decades. Primary prevention efforts are being guided by the study of the exposome, or collective environmental exposures beginning during the prenatal period, to identify modifiable factors that impact allergic disease risk. In this review, we explore the evidence supporting a relationship between key components of the external exposome in the prenatal and early-life periods and their impact on atopy development, focused on microbial, allergen, and air pollution exposures. The abundance and diversity of microbial exposures during the first months and years of life have been linked with risk of allergic sensitization and disease. Indoor environmental allergen exposure during early life may also impact disease development, depending on the allergen type, dose, and timing of exposure. Recent evidence supports the role of ambient air pollution in allergic disease inception. The lack of clarity in the literature surrounding the relationship between environment and atopy reflects the complex interplay between cumulative environmental factors and genetic susceptibility, such that no one factor dictates disease development in all individuals. Understanding the impact of the summation of environmental exposures throughout a child's development is needed to identify cost-effective interventions that reduce atopy risk in children.

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“…Recent literature in this field has focused on the association of mold exposure in early childhood with the development of atopic conditions including asthma later in childhood. Sharpe et al [28 ▪ ] recently discovered that reporting mildew odor in the home was associated with an increased risk of childhood asthma. Supporting this, a birth cohort study demonstrated that exposure to moisture damage and visible mold in early infancy were associated with asthma development [29].…”

Section: Mold Exposure and Asthmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor allergen exposure and asthma outcomes

Sheehan

Phipatanakul

2016

Current Opinion in Pediatrics

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Purpose of review The aim of the present review is to discuss updates on research regarding the relationship between indoor allergen exposure and childhood asthma with a focus on clinical effects, locations of exposure, and novel treatments. Recent findings Recent data continue to demonstrate that early life sensitization to indoor allergens is a predictor of asthma development later in life. Furthermore, avoidance of exposure to these allergens continues to be important especially given that the vast majority of children with asthma are sensitized to at least one indoor allergen. New research suggests that mouse allergen, more so than cockroach allergen, may be the most relevant urban allergen. Recent evidence reminds us that children are exposed to clinically important levels of indoor allergens in locations away from their home, such as schools and daycare centers. Exposure to increased levels of indoor mold in childhood has been associated with asthma development and exacerbation of current asthma; however, emerging evidence suggests that early exposure to higher fungal diversity may actually be protective for asthma development. Novel treatments have been developed that target TH2 pathways thus decreasing asthmatic responses to allergens. These therapies show promise for the treatment of severe allergic asthma refractory to avoidance strategies and standard therapies. Summary Understanding the relationship between indoor allergens and asthma outcomes is a constantly evolving study of timing, location, and amount of exposure.

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Variable risk of atopic disease due to indoor fungal exposure in NHANES 2005–2006

Abstract: Exposure to a mildew/musty odour, as a proxy for exposure to fungus, was implicated in an increased risk of atopic diseases. Sensitisation may play a different role in children and adults, and exposure to multiple allergens may reduce the risk of atopic disease.

Cited by 49 publications

References 62 publications

Fungal Exposure and Asthma: IgE and Non-IgE-Mediated Mechanisms

Fungal Exposure and Asthma: IgE and Non-IgE-Mediated Mechanisms

Environmental determinants of allergy and asthma in early life

Indoor allergen exposure and asthma outcomes

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