Variables Affecting Emissions of PCDD/Fs from Uncontrolled Combustion of Household Waste in Barrels

Lemieux, Paul; Gullett, Brian K.; Lutes, Chris; Winterrowd, Chris K.; Winters, Dwain

doi:10.1080/10473289.2003.10466192

Cited by 38 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…These hypotheses are supported by the results of Wevers et al [14] where the burnout stage of a pine/hardwood mixture exhibited a greater tendency for dioxin emission than the preceding ignition and flaming stages. These results were further confirmed in the burning of household refuse by Lemiuex et al [15]. Other recent studies have shown that, the presence of the preservative CCA in pine, dramatically increased the ash dioxin concentration in the ash under fire conditions [16].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Formation Of Dioxin During Smoldering Of Cca Treated Wood Char

Tame¹,

Kennedy²,

Dlugogorski³

2005

Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the Eigth International Sy

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Production of dioxin during the smoldering of wood char containing chromated copper arsenate (CCA) was investigated. Preliminary results are presented for the smoldering of treated wood char at 300 and 400°C, as a function of char loading, smoldering time and inlet oxygen concentrations. PCDF (mainly Cl 4 DF) were the preferred products of smoldering, and the results indicate the dependence of PCDD/F yields on competing formation/dechlorination reactions. Early periods of mass conversion favored PCDD/F formation, but with increasing mass loss, dechlorination and decomposition began to dominate. While the amounts detected were not particularly high (maximum yield of 95 ng TEQ/kg char oxidized), PCDD/F formation in wood fires may drastically increase with CCA combined with inorganic and organic chlorine contaminants.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Formation Of Dioxin During Smoldering Of Cca Treated Wood Char

Tame¹,

Kennedy²,

Dlugogorski³

2005

Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the Eigth International Sy

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“…13 For unregulated, open burning of power cable scrap, Bremmer et al 13 used estimates of 500 ng I-TEQ/kg for inventories in the Netherlands. However, given the signifi cantly higher PCDD/PCDF emission factors and variability obtained during open, uncontrolled burning of household waste 14,15 compared to well-controlled commercial municipal solid waste incinerators, it is not clear how relevant these reported values from commercial activities are to the open burning of e-waste.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…These two values fall within the range of values reported for tests of uncontrolled barrel burning of residential waste. 15 The high relative standard deviation (RSD = 98%) between the two samples is not unexpected for these analytes in combustion tests involving relatively small sample sizes. The emissions for the insulated wires were 12 400, 18 100, and 5400 ng TEQ/kg (RSD = 50%).…”

Section: Pxdd/pxdf Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Characterization of air emissions and residual ash from open burning of electronic wastes during simulated rudimentary recycling operations

Gullett¹,

Linak²,

Touati

et al. 2007

J Mater Cycles Waste Manag

Self Cite

186

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Air emissions and residual ash samples were collected and analyzed during experiments of open, uncontrolled combustion of electronic waste (e-waste), simulating practices associated with rudimentary e-waste recycling operations. Circuit boards and insulated wires were handled separately to simulate processes associated with metal recovery. The average emissions of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/PCDFs) were 92 ng toxic equivalency (TEQ)/kg [n = 2, relative standard deviation (RSD) = 98%] and 11 900 ng TEQ/kg (n = 3, RSD = 50%) of the initial mass of the circuit boards and insulated wire, respectively. The value for the insulated wire is about 100 times higher than that for backyard barrel burning of domestic waste. The emission concentrations of polybrominated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDD/PBDFs) from the combustion of circuit boards were 100 times higher than for their polychlorinated counterparts. Particulate matter (PM) sampling of the fl y ash emissions indicated PM emission factors of approximately 15 and 17 g/kg of the initial mass for the circuit boards and insulated wire, respectively. Fly ash samples from both types of e-waste contained considerable amounts of several metallic elements and halogens; lead concentrations were more than 200 times the United States regulatory limits for municipal waste combustors and 20 times those for secondary lead smelters. Leaching tests of the residual bottom ash showed that lead concentrations exceeded U.S. Environmental Protection Agency landfi ll limits, designating this ash as a hazardous waste.

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“…[17] Such investigations emphasize the importance of PCDD/Fs environmental monitoring. Combustion processes (open burning) on unsanitary landfills are incidents which are often carried out due to effective volume reduction, [18] with highly irregular duration and occurrence, most often without permission and, for this reason, not well documented.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unsanitary Landfill Fires as a Source of a PCDD/Fs Contamination

Fajković¹,

Ivanić²,

Pitarević³

et al. 2018

Croat. Chem. Acta

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The aim of this study was to determine whether a combustion process (open burning) on an unsanitary landfill produces polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), for which several media were analysed (smoked air, landfill soil, and lake sediment). The concentration of PCDD/Fs detected in the air increased over 4000 times during the landfill fire, from 0.480 fg m -3 to 1940.4 fg m -3 or expressed as Toxic Equivalency (TEQ) from 0.004 fg TEQ m -3 to 25.72 fg TEQ m -3 . Increased values of PCDD/Fs were also determined in the soil from the landfill site (2597.6 ng kg -1 , 48.11 ng TEQ kg -1 ), and the influence of combustion process occurring on the landfill was also registered in the nearby lake sediment (23.17 ng kg -1 , 0.03 ng TEQ kg -1 ). Due to the high sedimentation rate (6.4 mm y -1 ), a significant contaminant dilution in the lake sediment can be expected. The results of this preliminary study point to the need of implementing a continuous long-term monitoring of PCDD/PCDFs in the landfill surrounding environment.

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Variables Affecting Emissions of PCDD/Fs from Uncontrolled Combustion of Household Waste in Barrels

Cited by 38 publications

References 4 publications

Formation Of Dioxin During Smoldering Of Cca Treated Wood Char

Formation Of Dioxin During Smoldering Of Cca Treated Wood Char

Characterization of air emissions and residual ash from open burning of electronic wastes during simulated rudimentary recycling operations

Unsanitary Landfill Fires as a Source of a PCDD/Fs Contamination

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