Variables Associated with Severity of Bacterial Canker and Wilt Caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis in Tomato Greenhouses

Abstract

Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, the causal agent of bacterial canker and wilt of tomato, is considered to be one of the most important bacterial pathogens worldwide. In the year 2000 there was an increase in the number of infected greenhouses and in the severity of the disease in Israel. As part of the effort to cope with the disease, a comprehensive survey was conducted. Scouts recorded disease severity monthly in 681 production units. At the end of the season the scouts met with the growers and together recorded relevant details about the crop and cultural practices employed. The results suggested an absence of anisotropy pattern in the study region. Global Moran's I analysis showed that disease severity had significant spatial autocorrelation. The strongest spatial autocorrelation occurred within a 1,500 m neighborhood, which is comparable to the distance between production units maintained by one grower (Farm). Next, we tested three groups of variables including or excluding the Farm as a variable. When the Farm was included the explained variation increased in all the studied models. Overall, results of this study demonstrate that the most influential factor on bacterial canker severity was the Farm. This variable probably encompasses variation in experience, differences in agricultural practices between growers, and the quality of implementation of management practices.

Case Study of Crash Severity Spatial Pattern Identification in Hot Spot Analysis

“…The first peak was at 2.5 km with z-score of 14.41 (p = 0.000), and second and third peaks were found at 3.75 and 7 km with z-score of 17.52 (p = 0.000) and 23.91 (p = 0.000) respectively. The first peak tends to best describe the spatial variation of the analysis and is recommended for use when multiple peaks are present ( 27 , 31 ). In this study, a smaller spatial scale using the distance value at the first peak was assumed suitable to reflect more localized variations of traffic crash hot spots.…”

Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. michiganensis: bacterial canker of tomato, molecular interactions and disease management

“…Bacterial canker of tomato, caused by Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. michiganensis ( Cmm ), is considered to be a serious threat to the processing and fresh market tomato industries, having caused catastrophic epidemics in most tomato‐growing areas of the world (Blank et al ., ; Kleitman et al ., ; Smith, ; Volcani, ).…”

Quantifying The Significance of Distance to Temporal Dynamics of Covid-19 Cases in Nigeria Using a Geographic Information System

“…This was attributed to the fact that the spread has increased among neighboring state as more states recorded a similar range of COVID-19 cases. Blank et al (2016) used a similar approach, observed spatial clustering of bacterial canker severity, and showed that disease severity had significant spatial autocorrelation with dominant pattern recognized as clustered. A drop in mean transmission distance throughout foot-and-mouth outbreaks was similarly reported by Salje et al (2016).…”