Variant Ionotropic Receptors are Expressed in the Antennae of Anopheles sinensis (Diptera: Culicidae)

Li, Jianyong; Chen, Qian; Man, Yahui; Pei, Di; Wu, Wenjian

doi:10.1007/s10528-019-09910-8

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…There is a wide range of variation in the number of olfactory proteins corresponding to different mosquito species. Previous whole-genome analyses have annotated 79 ORs [11] and 69 OBPs [8] for Anopheles gambiae, 131 ORs and 111 OBPs [12] for Aedes aegypti, 82 ORs and 77 OBPs for Aedes albopictus [13], and 58 ORs and 58 OBPs for Anopheles chinensis [14]. Different olfactory proteins bind the same odor at different stages of mosquito development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening of olfactory genes related to blood-feeding behaviors in Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus and Culex pipiens molestus by transcriptome analysis

Gao

Yang

et al. 2022

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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Background Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus Say (Cx. quinquefasciatus) and Culex pipiens form molestus Forskal (Cx. molestus) in the Culex pipiens complex group show considerable differences in host seeking, blood feeding, mating behavior and in vector competence. Blood-feeding mosquito behaviors are closely related to their olfactory gene expression and olfactory gene repertoire composition. Comparing olfactory genes between these two subspecies with significantly different blood-feeding behaviors can support further research on the molecular mechanism of the Culex pipiens complex olfactory sensory system, providing a new approach for determining candidate attractant or repellent compounds. Methods Non-blood-feeding (NBF) and post-blood-feeding (PBF) olfactory system transcriptomes of the two subspecies were sequenced, and the biological functions of their differentially expressed genes were described by bioinformatics analysis. A quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was applied to validate the RNA-seq data. The roles of particular olfactory receptors in Cx. quinquefasciatus blood-feeding behaviors were evaluated by RNAi. Results Five, 7, 24, and 3 Cx. quinquefasciatus-specific OBPs, Cx. molestus-specific OBPs, Cx. quinquefasciatus-specific ORs and Cx. molestus-specific ORs were identified, respectively. The majority of selected ORs were consistent with the predicted transcriptome sequencing results after qRT-PCR validation. OR5 was expressed only in Cx. quinquefasciatus, and OR65 was the only gene upregulated after blood feeding in Cx. molestus. The blood-feeding rates of the OR5 and OR78 dsRNA groups were significantly lower (4.3%±3.1% and 13.3%±11.5%) than those of the enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) group (64.5%±8.7%). Conclusion Most OBPs and ORs were expressed in both subspecies but showed divergence in expression level. OR5 and OR65 might be species-specific expressed genes that regulate the olfactory behaviors of Cx. quinquefasciatus and Cx. molestus, respectively. The RNA interference of OR5 and OR78 could inhibit the blood-feeding behavior of Cx. quinquefasciatus, providing new targets for screening effective repellent compounds to control mosquito-borne diseases effectively and efficiently.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening of olfactory genes related to blood-feeding behaviors in Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus and Culex pipiens molestus by transcriptome analysis

Gao

Yang

et al. 2022

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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“…sinensis in the past few years. These genes have included 8 CSPs [ 38 ], 64 OBPs [ 39 ], 56 iGluRs [ 40 – 42 ], 59 ORs (in this study) and 77 Grs (unpublished data). Other chemosensory genes, such as ODEs and SNMPs , have not been reported.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After the release of the genome sequence of An. sinensis [ 37 ], chemosensory genes, such as CSPs [ 38 ], OBPs [ 39 ] and IRs [ 40 – 42 ], have been characterized. However, genome-wide identification and analysis of ORs, GRs, ODEs and SNMPs have not been completed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-wide identification and expression profiling of odorant receptor genes in the malaria vector Anopheles sinensis

et al. 2022

Parasites Vectors

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Background The olfactory system plays a crucial role in regulating insect behaviors. The detection of odorants is mainly mediated by various odorant receptors (ORs) that are expressed in the dendrites of olfactory neurons of chemosensilla. Anophelessinensis is a major malaria vector in Eastern Asia and its genome has recently been successfully sequenced and annotated. In this study, we present genome-wide identification and expression profiling of OR genes in different chemosensory tissues of An.sinensis. Methods The OR genes were identified using the available genome sequences of An.sinensis. A series of bioinformatics analyses were conducted to investigate the structure, genome distribution, selective pressure and phylogenetic relationships of OR genes, the conserved domains and specific functional sites in the OR amino acid sequences. The expression levels of OR genes were analyzed from transcriptomic data from An.sinensis antennae, proboscis and maxillary palps of both sexes. Results A total of 59 putative OR genes have been identified and characterized in An.sinensis. This number is significantly less than that in An.gambiae. Whether this difference is caused by the contraction or expansion of OR genes after divergence of the two species remains unknown. The RNA-seq analysis showed that AsORs have obvious tissue- and sex-specific expression patterns. Most AsORs are highly expressed in the antennae and the expression pattern and number of AsORs expressed in antennae are similar in males and females. However, the relative levels of AsOR transcripts are much higher in female antennae than in male antennae, which indicates that the odor sensitivity is likely to be increased in female mosquitoes. Based on the expression patterns and previous studies, we have speculated on the functions of some OR genes but this needs to be validated by further behavioral, molecular and electrophysiological studies. Further studies are necessary to compare the olfactory-driven behaviors and identify receptors that respond strongly to components of human odors that may act in the process of human recognition. Conclusions This is the first genome-wide analysis of the entire repertoire of OR genes in An.sinensis. Characterized features and profiled expression patterns of ORs suggest their involvement in the odorous reception of this species. Our findings provide a basis for further research on the functions of OR genes and additional genetic and behavioral targets for more sustainable management of An.sinensis in the future. Graphical Abstract

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“…IRs are conserved across protostome species and bioinformatic analyses of IR genes have been performed in many species (Benton et al, 2009;Croset et al, 2010;Bengtsson et al, 2012;Glaser et al, 2013;Poivet et al, 2013;Rytz et al, 2013;Cao et al, 2014;Groh-Lunow et al, 2014;Liu et al, 2014Liu et al, , 2017Liu et al, , 2018Missbach et al, 2014;Ahmed et al, 2016;Dippel et al, 2016;Macharia et al, 2016;van Schooten et al, 2016;Cicconardi et al, 2017;Latorre-Estivalis et al, 2017;Yang et al, 2017Yang et al, , 2020Zbinden et al, 2017;Harrison et al, 2018;Kozma et al, 2018;Matthews et al, 2018;Robertson et al, 2018Robertson et al, , 2019Rojas et al, 2018;Andersson et al, 2019;Lei et al, 2019;Li et al, 2019;Ma et al, 2019;Xu et al, 2019;Balart-García et al, 2020;Sun et al, 2020;Wu et al, 2020;Yin et al, 2020). However, the functional studies of IRs in non-model organisms are largely lacking.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Structure and Function of Ionotropic Receptors in Drosophila

2021

Front. Mol. Neurosci.

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Ionotropic receptors (IRs) are a highly divergent subfamily of ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluR) and are conserved across Protostomia, a major branch of the animal kingdom that encompasses both Ecdysozoa and Lophothrochozoa. They are broadly expressed in peripheral sensory systems, concentrated in sensory dendrites, and function in chemosensation, thermosensation, and hygrosensation. As iGluRs, four IR subunits form a functional ion channel to detect environmental stimuli. Most IR receptors comprise individual stimulus-specific tuning receptors and one or two broadly expressed coreceptors. This review summarizes the discoveries of the structure of IR complexes and the expression and function of each IR, as well as discusses the future direction for IR studies.

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Variant Ionotropic Receptors are Expressed in the Antennae of Anopheles sinensis (Diptera: Culicidae)

Cited by 6 publications

References 45 publications

Screening of olfactory genes related to blood-feeding behaviors in Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus and Culex pipiens molestus by transcriptome analysis

Screening of olfactory genes related to blood-feeding behaviors in Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus and Culex pipiens molestus by transcriptome analysis

Genome-wide identification and expression profiling of odorant receptor genes in the malaria vector Anopheles sinensis

The Structure and Function of Ionotropic Receptors in Drosophila

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