Variant origin of the superior thyroid artery in a Kenyan population

Ongeti, Kevin; Ogeng’o, Julius A

doi:10.1002/ca.21207

Cited by 30 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…This difference could point to the ethnic variations that are also quoted by recent studies. [56] We found carotid bifurcation as the second most common site of origin of STA (21.5% on the right and 18.5% on the left side). In a study by Lucev et al ., the origin of STA from CCA bifurcation was found in 22.5% of cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

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Variations in superior thyroid artery: A selective angiographic study

Gupta

Bhalla

Thulkar

et al. 2014

Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging

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Aim:To investigate variations in superior thyroid artery (STA) based on digital subtraction angiography (DSA).Materials and Methods:Twenty five angiography studies of 15 pts performed between June 2010 and December 2012 were retrospectively evaluated. These patients underwent DSA of the head and neck region as a part of their superselective neoadjuvant intra-arterial chemotherapy protocol for treatment of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers. Depending upon the location of the tumor, unilateral or bilateral arteriograms of common carotid artery (CCA), external carotid artery (ECA), and STA were performed. Arteriograms were evaluated for the site of origin and branching pattern of STA. STA anatomy was ascribed to one of the three branching patterns.Results:A total of 25 angiograms were evaluated, including 14 right and 11 left. On the right side, STA was noted to arise from ECA in 10 (71.5%), bifurcation of CCA in 3 (21.5%), and CCA in 1 (7%) patient. Left STA was seen to arise from ECA in 8 (72.5%), bifurcation of CCA in 2 (18.5%), and internal carotid artery (ICA) in 1 (9%) patient. Type III branching pattern (non-bifurcation, non-trifurcation) was found to be the most frequent (52%). Infrahyoid branch was found to be the most consistent in terms of its origin from STA.Conclusions:Origin of STA is predictable, arising from ECA in more than 70% cases. Branching pattern of STA, following origin from ECA, is, however, highly variable. Knowledge concerning the origin and branching pattern of STA is essential in enhancing precision and decreasing morbidity related to the surgical and interventional radiological head and neck procedures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…As suggested by recent studies, ethnicity plays its part in variations of STA. [56] A thorough literature search yielded no angiographic studies of anatomic variation of STA in the Indian population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in superior thyroid artery: A selective angiographic study

Gupta

Bhalla

Thulkar

et al. 2014

Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging

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“…Our findings that the 1) STA originates more frequently from the CCA on the left side only and 2) the OA frequently emerges caudal to the facial artery (bilaterally) is in disagreement with the majority of representations shown in commonly used human anatomy atlases. It is possible these discrepancies exist due to the populations studied (Gupta et al 2014, Ongeti andOgeng'o 2012). Recognition of the likelihood of these variations is an important step in reducing morbidity associated with surgical and radiological procedures of the neck.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in the Caudal Branches of the External Carotid Artery: Comparison of Sex and Side

Heltzel

Jelínek

Jaynes

2015

MRAJ

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Background:The branching pattern of vessels emerging from the external carotid artery varies considerably. Knowledge of this variation is critical for clinicians who perform neck procedures. This study assessed the origin of the four primary caudal branches of the external carotid artery (superior thyroid, lingual, facial, and occipital arteries) with regard to sex and side. The position of common carotid artery bifurcation was also analyzed with regard to sex and side. Methods: The carotid arterial system of 79 cadavers from the eastern United States (37 male, 42 female) was dissected bilaterally. The position of carotid bifurcation relative to a midpoint between the suprasternal notch and mastoid process was measured with digital fractional calipers. Origin of the caudal branches was determined and the distance from the carotid bifurcation measured. Results: On the right, the superior thyroid artery emerged from the carotid bifurcation/external carotid more frequently than it did from the common carotid (67% and 31%, respectively); however, on the left, it emerged more frequently from the common carotid (57% and 43%, respectively) (p = 0.003). No side-dependent differences were observed for the remaining three caudal branches. The occipital artery emerged below the origin of the facial artery more frequently than at/above (55% and 44%, respectively). No significant differences were found for the origin of the caudal four branches with regard to sex. There was no significant difference in the location of the carotid bifurcation with regard to sex or side. Conclusions: The origin of the superior thyroid artery differed when comparing neck side, while the origin of the occipital artery frequently emerged caudal to that of the facial artery. Both findings are inconsistent with most anatomical atlases. The positions of the carotid bifurcation as well as the origin of the remaining caudal branches were no different with regard to either parameter.

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“…The superior thyroid artery usually arises as the first branch of the external carotid artery, although it can arise from the common carotid artery or its bifurcation [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. As it passes inferiorly the superior thyroid artery is accompanied by the external laryngeal nerve before coursing anteromedially towards the superior pole of the thyroid gland where it divides into anterior and posterior branches which run on the respective borders of the lateral lobe as far as the isthmus before anastomosing with branches of the inferior thyroid artery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations on the Superior Thyroid Artery and its Relationship with the External Laryngeal Nerve

Alzahrani¹,

Alashkham²,

Soames³

2018

Anat Physiol

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Due to the close association between the superior thyroid arteries (STA) and external laryngeal nerve (ELN) one potential complication of thyroidectomy is trauma to the ELN. The aim of the current study was to evaluate variations in the origin of the STA and its relation to the ELN in 44 hemisections from 22 Thiel embalmed cadavers (9 male, 13 female: mean age 79 years). The STA arose from the external carotid artery in 31/44 (71%) specimens, the common carotid artery in 12/44 (27%) and was absent in 1/44 (2%) specimens. The ELN crossed the STA within 10 mm superior to the superior pole of the thyroid gland in 21/44 (48%) specimens, between 10 and 15 mm superiorly in 10/44 (23%) and more than 15 mm superiorly in 7/44 (16%) in 6/44 (13%) specimens the ELN did not cross the STA. A modified classification of the relationship between the STA and ELN is proposed in which a crossing point between 10 and 15 mm superior to the superior pole of the thyroid gland in introduced.

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Variant origin of the superior thyroid artery in a Kenyan population

Cited by 30 publications

References 18 publications

Variations in superior thyroid artery: A selective angiographic study

Variations in superior thyroid artery: A selective angiographic study

Variation in the Caudal Branches of the External Carotid Artery: Comparison of Sex and Side

Observations on the Superior Thyroid Artery and its Relationship with the External Laryngeal Nerve

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