Variation Among Winter‐type Selections of Safflower<sup>1</sup>

Ghanavati, Navid; Knowles, P. F.

doi:10.2135/cropsci1977.0011183x001700010013x

Cited by 9 publications

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“…In many respects our results were quite diff erent than previous research on winter-type saffl ower conducted by Ghanavati and Knowles (1977) and Yazdi-Samadi and Zali (1979) in Iran. Their winter types had a long rosette period, as long as 120 d, and apparently required a cold period at the rosette stage for maximum seed production (Ghanavati and Knowles, 1977). We defi ned winter types as those with a capacity for winter survival; the rosette period or a cold requirement for reproduction development were not directly considered.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…During the rosette stage saffl ower is relatively cold tolerant (Yazdi-Samadi and Zali, 1979). As a result, winter survival has been associated with a long rosette period (Yazdi-Samadi and Zali, 1979), and genotypes with a prolonged rosette period usually have increased cold tolerance and are considered winter types (Ghanavati and Knowles, 1977). Yet a clear distinction between rosette and non-rosette habit can be arbitrary and is infl uenced by genotype and environmental conditions and heritable genetic traits (Zimmerman, 1976;Zimmerman and Buck, 1977).…”

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Yield and Yield Components of Winter‐Type Safflower

Johnson

Petrie²,

Franchini

et al. 2012

Crop Science

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Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a minor yet widely grown oil seed crop adapted to semiarid regions. The development of winter adapted safflower, permitting fall planting, could substantially increase seed production. Our objective was to compare seed production of winter‐type and spring‐type safflower under fall and spring planting regimes. From 2006 to 2009 four winter‐type safflower germplasms and two spring cultivars were compared at Central Ferry, WA, Pullman, WA, and Pendleton, OR, in seven year–location combinations. For all years and locations the minimum average winter temperatures in December and January were always below freezing, with annual extremes ranging from ‐11 to ‐26°C. Extensive winter mortality of fall‐planted, spring‐type cultivars generally resulted in little or no seed production. For each year, seed production of fall‐planted, winter‐type germplasm was always higher than when spring planted (P < 0.05), averaging 310 g m‐2 or 66% more. That advantage was also observed at all locations within years except Pullman and Pendleton in 2009. Anthesis of fall‐planted germplasm averaged 16 d earlier than when spring planted. Increased production of fall‐planted winter‐type germplasm was most closely associated with increased seeds per square meter resulting from more capitula per square meter or seeds per capitulum. The results showed that fall‐planted winter‐type safflower has the potential to substantially increase seed production compared to spring types.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Yield and Yield Components of Winter‐Type Safflower

Johnson

Petrie²,

Franchini

et al. 2012

Crop Science

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“…However, any cold tolerance they possess was insufficient for the winter conditions observed in the current study. Winter types of safflower, which have the capability to withstand temperatures substantially lower than can spring types, have a longer rosette period (Ghanavati and Knowles 1977;Yazdi-Samadi and Zali 1979). Passport data from the Germplasm Resources Information System (GRIN) state that KN-144 is a winter type from Iran (Table 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The duration of this stage is not only dependent on environment but on heritable genetic traits (Zimmerman 1976;Zimmerman and Buck 1977). Ghanavati and Knowles (1977) found high cold tolerance in plants with a long rosette period collected from northwest Iran. Li et al (1997) also found safflower with a prolonged rosette habit in China.…”

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confidence: 94%

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Autumn growth and its relationship to winter survival in diverse safflower germplasm

Johnson

Dajue²,

Bradley³

2006

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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Johnson, R. C., Dajue, L. and Bradley, V. 2006. Autumn growth and its relationship to winter survival in diverse safflower germplasm. Can. J. Plant Sci. 86: 701-709. The relationship between several autumn growth traits and winter survival was determined in 11 diverse safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) accessions grown at Central Ferry and Pullman, WA, USA. The safflower was sown in September 2002 and 2003 and plant population counts were taken 6-8 wk after emergence, and after the last frost in the spring to calculate winter survival. Growth factors including plant habit and height were also measured in the autumn. The Pullman plots in [2003][2004] were lost during an usually cold and windy November, but otherwise survival ranged from 90% for BJ-27, an introduction from China, to zero for the cultivar Saffire. Winter survival was negatively correlated with more upright plant habit (r = -041**, n = 97) and plant height (r = -0.29**, n = 97). However, some accessions with low plant habit (prostrate growth) and low height values had relatively poor survival. The results show that BJ-27 has sufficient winter survival to achieve over-winter safflower production for many areas. Autumn plant habit and height can predict the potential for winter survival, but physiological factors related to cold acclimation appeared to determine if that potential is realized. La rusticité présente une corrélation négative avec un port plus dressé (r = -0,41**, n = 97) et la hauteur du plant (r = -029**, n = 97). Certaines obtentions à port bas (croissance prostrée) et de faible hauteur ont néanmoins mal survécu à l'hiver. Les résultats indiquent que BJ-27 est assez rustique pour survivre à l'hiver et croître dans de nombreuses régions. Le port et la hauteur du plant à l'automne donnent des indices sur la survie à l'hiver, mais des paramètres physiologiques associés à l'acclimatation au froid paraissent déterminer la réalisation de ce potentiel.

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Breeding safflower for adaptation to autumn sowing by interspecific hybridization

et al. 2023

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In the light of current global climate change, gene introgression from wild relatives is a key strategy for increasing adaptation of crops that lost their variation during evolutionary bottleneck. Fall‐sown safflower leads to earlier spring growth and potentially higher productivity than the spring‐sown safflower, because of escaping from the terminal stresses of drought, heat, disease, and pests as well as efficient use of winter precipitation. During the last decade, we developed advanced generations of three sets of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from three crosses of Carthamus tinctorius × Carthamus palaestinus (TP), C. tinctorius × Carthamus oxyacanthus (TO) and C. palaestinus × C. oxyacanthus (PO). The objectives of this study were to assess the efficiency of gene introgression from two wild relatives of safflower and genetic variation of derived RILs in terms of adaptation to autumn sowing and cold tolerance in the field. The results showed a continuous variation for seed yield and oil content in RILs, indicating the existence of transgressive segregation in lines. Comparison of three interspecific populations indicated that lines derived from TP crosses showed high potential for autumn planting, winter hardness, and productivity of seed and oil yield. However, the RILs derived from PO and TO had higher chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) than TP population. Our results indicated that restoring lost genes in safflower is possible by introgression from its close relatives (especially C. palaestinus species). Identified superior RILs can be checked for other biotic and abiotic tolerance to develop new varieties in this valuable oil seed crop.

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Variation Among Winter‐type Selections of Safflower¹

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Yield and Yield Components of Winter‐Type Safflower

Yield and Yield Components of Winter‐Type Safflower

Autumn growth and its relationship to winter survival in diverse safflower germplasm

Breeding safflower for adaptation to autumn sowing by interspecific hybridization

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Variation Among Winter‐type Selections of Safflower1

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Yield and Yield Components of Winter‐Type Safflower

Yield and Yield Components of Winter‐Type Safflower

Autumn growth and its relationship to winter survival in diverse safflower germplasm

Breeding safflower for adaptation to autumn sowing by interspecific hybridization

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Product

Resources

About

Variation Among Winter‐type Selections of Safflower¹