Variation for stomatal characteristics and water use efficiency among diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid Iranian wheat landraces

Abstract

Wheat is one of the most important crops in the world. Its study has involved anatomy, ecology, physiology, molecular biology, biotechnology, and cultivation. Knowledge of the relationship of diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid wheat with stomatal characteristics and water-use efficiency is spare and is subject to argument. The present study was aimed to examine different characteristics of stomata in 28 Iranian landraces belonging to the species Triticum monococcum (2n = 2x = 14), Triticum durum (2n = 4x = 28) and Triticum aestivum (2n = 6x = 42), respectively and investigated a possible relationship between these characteristics and water use efficiency by pot cultivation experiments. The results revealed large variation among landraces as well as between the different species for stomatal frequency and size. The diploid wheat species had the highest stomatal frequency and the lowest stomatal length and width. The hexaploid species had a lower stomatal frequency than the tetraploid species. A highly significant relationship was noted between the value of those traits on the adaxial and abaxial surfaces of the leaf. The ratio of adaxial to abaxial values appeared to be constant for a given species. Both stomatal frequency and size were associated with ploidy level, but also with the nature of the constituting genomes of the species. A highly significant negative association was found among accessions between stomatal frequency and size. As a consequence, the variation for stomatal area per unit leaf area was less than for the other traits. Diploid and hexaploid wheat have significantly higher water use efficiency, compared to tetraploid wheat. No clear association was found, however, between water use efficiency and stomatal characteristics.

Chromosomal analysis of photosynthesis rate and stomatal conductance and their relationships with grain yield in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under water-stressed and well-watered conditions

“…A significant negative correlation was also observed between SF and the characters related to stomatal size (Table 4). The negative relationship found between stomatal frequency and size is similar to findings of Miskin et al (1972), Venora and Calcagno (1991), Singh and Sethi (1995), Aryavand et al (2003) and Khazaei et al (2009). However, Teare et al (1971 reported a nonsignificant correlation between the two traits.…”

“…Zhang et al (2007) postulated that SF is closely linked to water-use efficiency through its influence on stomatal conductance. Other investigators have also reported the influence of SF on water loss and stomatal conductance (Teare et al 1971;Rajendra et al 1978;Singh and Sethi 1995;Mohammady 2002;Khazaei et al 2009). In the present study, from comparing the relationships between yield and stomatal characteristics determined in well-watered experiment, with those in the water-stressed experiment, it can be postulated that gas exchange related traits are most important in affecting yield under both conditions, while SF appeared to be important under well-watered conditions only.…”

Ploidy‐specific interactions of three host plants with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: Does genome copy number matter?

“…The authors evaluated the mycorrhizal growth response of six wheatgrass cultivars differing in ploidy levels (2 x , 4 x , and 6 x ), but they did not fi nd any ploidyspecifi c differences. Despite the lack of interaction observed in the cited study, we assumed that polyploidy-associated changes in the traits related to plant fi tness and stress tolerance, such as nutrient uptake, photosynthesis rate, water-use effi ciency, or production of secondary metabolites ( Takizawa et al, 2008 ;Hull-Sanders et al, 2009 ;Khazaei et al, 2010 ), can modify host plant response to AM fungi that are known to play a substantial role in plant nutrient acquisition and coping with different kinds of stress. We also hypothesized that intercytotype differences in cell wall structure ( Do Valle et al, 1988 ) might affect cell wall penetration by fungal hyphae and infl uence early establishment of mycorrhizal colonization.…”

Optimasi Dosis Pupuk Kalsium dan Magnesium pada Bibit Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) di Pembibitan Utama

“…Tinggi tanaman (cm) bibit kelapa sawit pada setiap taraf dosis pupuk kalsium dan magnesium pada 0-8 BSP (Dodd et al, 2010;Webb dan Robertson, 2011;Laanemets et al, 2013). Pembukaan dan penutupan stomata berpengaruh pada laju fotosintesis (Palit, 2008;Khazaei et al, 2010).…”