Variation in adult sex ratio alters the association between courtship, mating frequency and paternity in the lek‐forming fruitfly <i>Ceratitis capitata</i>

Leftwich, Philip T.; Edward, Dominic A.; Alphey, Luke; Gage, Matthew J. G.; Chapman, Tracey

doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2012.02556.x

Cited by 29 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…For example, at male-biased ASR, rates of aggression increase; males harass females, which in turn induces increased female mortality [14]. Moreover, in species with male-biased ASR, courtship behaviour and male-male competition intensify [15,16], and/or males are more likely to provide care for their young than at female-biased ASRs [5,13,17]. Furthermore, ASR is a significant predictor of sex roles: birds with female-biased (or even) ASR typically exhibit conventional sex roles whereby males compete for females and females look after the young, whereas species with malebiased ASR often exhibit sex role reversal: males care for the young, whereas females compete for access to males [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex-biased survival predicts adult sex ratio variation in wild birds

et al. 2014

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Adult sex ratio (ASR) is a central concept in population demography and breeding system evolution, and has implications for population viability and biodiversity conservation. ASR exhibits immense interspecific variation in wild populations, although the causes of this variation have remained elusive. Using phylogenetic analyses of 187 avian species from 59 families, we show that neither hatching sex ratios nor fledging sex ratios correlate with ASR. However, sex-biased adult mortality is a significant predictor of ASR, and this relationship is robust to 100 alternative phylogenetic hypotheses, and potential ecological and life-history confounds. A significant component of adult mortality bias is sexual selection acting on males, whereas increased reproductive output predicts higher mortality in females. These results provide the most comprehensive insights into ASR variation to date, and suggest that ASR is an outcome of selective processes operating differentially on adult males and females. Therefore, revealing the causes of ASR variation in wild populations is essential for understanding breeding systems and population dynamics.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex-biased survival predicts adult sex ratio variation in wild birds

et al. 2014

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“…; Wiklund and Kaitala ; Pitnick and García‐González ; Leftwich et al. ). Our new results here show that there are different determinants underpinning the responses of both traits to variation in maternal effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of maternal effects to dietary selection in Mediterranean fruit flies

et al. 2019

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Individual responses to dietary variation represent a fundamental component of fitness, and nutritional adaptation can occur over just a few generations. Maternal effects can show marked proximate responses to nutrition, but whether they contribute to longer term dietary adaptation is unclear. Here, we tested the hypotheses that maternal effects: (i) contribute to dietary adaptation, (ii) diminish when dietary conditions are constant between generations, (iii) are trait‐specific and (iv) interact with high‐ and low‐quality food. We used experimental evolution regimes in the medfly ( Ceratitis capitata ) to test these predictions by subjecting an outbred laboratory‐adapted population to replicated experimental evolution on either constant high calorie sugar (‘A’) or low‐calorie starch (‘S’) larval diets, with a standard adult diet across both regimes. We measured the contribution of maternal effects by comparing developmental and adult phenotypes of individuals reared on their own diet with those swapped onto the opposite diet for either one or two generations (high and low maternal effect conditions, respectively), both at the start and after 30 generations of selection. Initially, there were strong maternal effects on female body mass and male mating success but not larval survival. Interestingly, the initial maternal effects observed in female body mass and male mating success showed sex‐specific interactions when individuals from high calorie regimes were tested on low calorie diets. However, as populations responded to selection, the effects of maternal provisioning on all traits diminished. The results broadly supported the predictions. They show how the contribution of maternal effects to dietary responses evolves in a context‐dependent manner, with significant variation across different fitness‐related traits. We conclude that maternal effects can evolve during nutritional adaptation and hence may be an important life history trait to measure, rather than to routinely minimize.

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“…For example, with male‐biased ASR, the courtship behavior and male–male competition may intensify (Leftwich et al. ); a male‐biased ASR may also increase the rates of aggression and harassment of males to females, which in turn resulting in higher mortality of females (Le Galliard et al. ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ASR has critical effects on behavior, mate competition and life history and has implications for population demography and biodiversity conservation (Le Galliard et al 2005;Kokko and Jennions 2008;Liker et al 2013;Szekely et al 2014a;Pipoly et al 2015). For example, with male-biased ASR, the courtship behavior and male-male competition may intensify (Leftwich et al 2012); a male-biased ASR may also increase the rates of aggression and harassment of males to females, which in turn resulting in higher mortality of females (Le Galliard et al 2005). ASR varies widely among species, ranging from highly male-biased populations to those composed only of adult females (Donald 2007;Szekely et al 2014b), and variation across spatial-temporal scales for different populations of a given species (McKellar et al 2009;Reichard et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial variation in adult sex ratio across multiple scales in the invasive golden apple snail, Pomacea canaliculata

Miao

Yang

et al. 2016

Ecology and Evolution

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Adult sex ratio (ASR) has critical effects on behavior and life history and has implications for population demography, including the invasiveness of introduced species. ASR exhibits immense variation in nature, yet the scale dependence of this variation is rarely analyzed. In this study, using the generalized multilevel models, we investigated the variation in ASR across multiple nested spatial scales and analyzed the underlying causes for an invasive species, the golden apple snail Pomacea canaliculata. We partitioned the variance in ASR to describe the variations at different scales and then included the explanatory variables at the individual and group levels to analyze the potential causes driving the variation in ASR. We firstly determined there is a significant female‐biased ASR for this species when accounting for the spatial and temporal autocorrelations of sampling. We found that, counter to nearly equal distributed variation at plot, habitat and region levels, ASR showed little variation at the town level. Temperature and precipitation at the region level were significantly positively associated with ASR, whereas the individual weight, the density characteristic, and sampling time were not significant factors influencing ASR. Our study suggests that offspring sex ratio of this species may shape the general pattern of ASR in the population level while the environmental variables at the region level translate the unbiased offspring sex ratio to the female‐biased ASR. Future research should consider the implications of climate warming on the female‐biased ASR of this invasive species and thus on invasion pattern.

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Variation in adult sex ratio alters the association between courtship, mating frequency and paternity in the lek‐forming fruitfly Ceratitis capitata

Cited by 29 publications

References 60 publications

Sex-biased survival predicts adult sex ratio variation in wild birds

Sex-biased survival predicts adult sex ratio variation in wild birds

Contribution of maternal effects to dietary selection in Mediterranean fruit flies

Spatial variation in adult sex ratio across multiple scales in the invasive golden apple snail, Pomacea canaliculata

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