Variation in biochemical constituents and master elements in common seaweeds from Alexandria Coast, Egypt, with special reference to their antioxidant activity and potential food uses: prospective equations

Abstract

Biochemical constituents and master elements (Pb, Cr, Cd, Fe, Cu, Zn, Hg, B, Al, SO, Na, K, Li, Ca, Mg, and F) were investigated in six different seaweed species from Abu Qir Bay in the Egyptian Mediterranean Sea coast. The moisture level ranged from 30.26% in Corallina mediterranea to 77.57% in Padina boryana. On dry weight basis, the ash contents varied from 25.53% in Jania rubens to 88.84% in Sargassum wightii. The protein contents fluctuated from 8.26% in S. wightii to 28.01% in J. rubens. Enteromorpha linza showed the highest lipids (4.66%) and carbohydrate contents (78.95%), whereas C. mediterranea had the lowest lipid (0.5%), and carbohydrate contents (38.12%). Chlorophylls and carotenoid contents varied among the species. Total antioxidant capacity of the tested green seaweeds had the highest activities followed by brown and red seaweeds which had a similar trend of phenol and tannins contents. High reducing power was observed in all tested seaweeds extract except Ulva lactuca. Brown species had the highest amount of elements followed by red and green seaweeds. Notably, SO recorded the highest level in the tested green species (108.05 mg/g dry weight (DW)). The Ca/Mg and K/Na ratios reflected highly significant difference between seaweed species. This study keeps an eye on 29 parameters and by applying stepwise multiple regression analysis, prospective equations have been set to describe the interactions between these parameters inside seaweeds. Accordingly, the tested seaweeds can be recommended as a source of healthy food with suitable ion quotient and estimated daily intake values.

Food safety hazards in the European seaweed chain

“…In another study from Egypt, Fl concentrations in six seaweeds samples (red, brown, and green) were between 13,600 and 16,100 mg/kg dw. This study did not indicate if the samples were from a polluted area (Ismail et al, 2017). A study with seaweed from local suppliers of seaweed (red and brown) in Spain described the development of a chromatography method in which Fl was also measured.…”

“…In addition, Fl concentrations, including the influence that geographical origin has on its content in seaweed, have been reported in some studies (El-Said, 2013;Gómez-Ordóñez, Alonso, & Rupérez, 2010;Ismail, El Zokm, & El-Sayed, 2017). Fl enters the marine environment as a by-product from industrial wastes of, for example, textile, fertilizers, chemicals, and pharmaceutical industries and as a by-product from agricultural wastes, drainage, and sewage wastewaters (El-Said, 2013).…”

Therapeutic Uses of Red Macroalgae

“…These compounds are great antioxidants and act as chelators of metals and free radicals, inhibiting lipid, and scavengers of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) like H 2 O 2 ; OH • ; O 2 •− & 1O 2 [ 6 ]. The phenolic and flavonoid contents of red seaweed from the Alexandria coast are significantly correlated to their DPPH antioxidant ability [ 2 , 36 ]. The antioxidant potency of macroalgal phenolic compounds counteracts the deleterious impacts of the advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which are the toxic effects associated with hyperglycemia ( Figure 3 ) [ 6 ].…”

Biochemical Composition and Nutraceutical Perspectives Red Sea Seaweeds

“…Ion quotient Ca+Na/ Mg+K this molar ratio was premeditated (Table 1) to be 0.20, 0.99, 0.99 and 0.79 for D. simplex, S. polycystum, C. racemosa and C. myrica respectively. The ion quotient usually diverges between 2.5 and 4.0 in human body (Ismail, 2017;Ismail et al, 2017). These consequences infer that exhausting seaweed species in foods can reduction this range in human body and lessen allied ailments such as hypertension and heart ailment.…”

“…They need expanded importance as meditative sources due to their high healing, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities (Fan et al, 2014). Fan et al (2014;Ismail, 2017;Ismail et al, 2017; illustrated the vital role of seaweeds for human and animal health and consumed as daily diets in orient countries (El-Shafay, 2014).…”