Variation in birch bark secondary chemistry between and within clones: implications for herbivory by hares

Laitinen, Marja-Leena; Julkunen‐Tiitto, Riitta; Yamaji, Keiko; Heinonen, Jaakko; Rousi, Matti

doi:10.1111/j.0030-1299.2004.12793.x

Cited by 56 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Chemical groups and PCs (in bold letters) are given at the bottom of the table (Auger et al 1994;Beninger and Abou-Zaid 1997) and deterrent properties against moose and hares feeding on willows and birch and voles feeding on pine (Bucyanayandi et al 1990;Laitinen et al 2004;Stolter et al 2005;Stolter 2008). Interestingly, P. sylvestris is a preferred food plant for mammalian herbivores, especially for moose, at least in comparison to other coniferous trees such as P. abies (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…)catechin and apigenin (common in J. communis) may differ amongst herbivore species (e.g. Ikonen et al 2001;Berg 2003;Laitinen et al 2004;Stolter et al 2005Stolter et al , 2009 and varying effects have been described on pathogens (Witzell and Martin 2008). Additionally, neither DHPPG (common in Pinus contorta) nor picein (common in P. abies) had a negative impact on the feeding decisions of mammalian herbivores (Laitinen et al 2004;Stolter et al 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bryant et al 1983b;Auger et al 1994;Ikonen et al 2001;Berg 2003;Laitinen et al 2004;Stolter et al 2005;Faccoli and Schlyter 2007). Two main theories on the evolution of a variety of secondary plant metabolites exist.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Herbivores and variation in the composition of specific phenolics of boreal coniferous trees: a search for patterns

et al. 2010

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Coniferous trees of different species, or of the same species growing at different locations, vary in the extent to which they are attacked by various herbivores and pathogens. Plant secondary metabolites might be a key to understanding some of this variation. At the site level, we investigated if there was an intra-or interspecies pattern for individual compounds (or for groups of compounds) and their relationship to indices of plant nitrogen and plant productivity. For example, do plants exhibit similar covariance in defence compounds when evaluated across a number of sites varying in productivity? Here, we concentrated on the phenolic profile of Pinus sylvestris, Picea abies, Juniperus communis and Pinus contorta. Our results indicate striking differences in secondary chemistry profiles of the twigs including needles of the trees and in the inter-relationships amongst individual compounds and groups of compounds. Flavonols occurred in high variety in P. sylvestris and were highly correlated with each other, differing from P. contorta. But the results of the factor analyses indicate an underlying pattern for flavonols of the coumaroyl type for P. contorta. In contrast, the compounds of the other tree species showed a low degree of intercorrelation. Co-occurring phenolics of different tree species were not correlated. Overall, our analysis of site indices indicated that plant productivity was not a useful predictor for the concentration of specific phenolics. The relationship amongst plant nitrogen and specific phenolics might be the result of two defence strategies (one related and the other not related to nitrogen content). This might enable the plant to shift its defences against attacks with a high degree of flexibility.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Herbivores and variation in the composition of specific phenolics of boreal coniferous trees: a search for patterns

et al. 2010

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“…Triterpenoid compounds produced by stem resin glands reduce the palatability of silver birch bark to 321 mountain hare (Lepus timidus, Laitinen et al 2004). Artificial defoliation, simulating leaf herbivory, 322 decreased the production of glandular trichomes and increased the formation of leaf hairs in Betula 323 pubescens (Rautio et al 2002).…”

Section: Production Of Glandular Trichomes On Abaxial Leaf Surfaces Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of glandular trichomes responds to water stress and temperature in silver birch (Betula pendula) leaves

et al. 2017

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Silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) allocates substantial resources to the production of glandular trichomes. If these trichomes can protect trees from temperature and water stress, their production would be expected to increase under these conditions. We studied how glandular trichome density and number in the leaves of two-year-old silver birch plantlets respond to single and combined treatments of elevated temperature (+1 °C) and three different levels of soil moisture (low, normal, and excess watering). Moreover, we quantified the seasonal variation in trichome density in mature long-shoot leaves of young, greenhouse-grown silver birches. Our results demonstrate clear differences between responses of glandular trichomes on different leaf surfaces. On the adaxial leaf surface, both drought and elevated temperature reduced the production of glandular trichomes. Interestingly, this response was absent in plants subjected to the combined treatment. Glandular trichome production on the abaxial leaf surface increased considerably in leaves produced during the growing season, reflecting a seasonal trend. Maintaining a strong seasonal increase in trichome production of abaxial surfaces even in low-water conditions suggests an important, though still unknown, role for abaxial glandular trichomes. In silver birch stems, those trichomes are strongly responsible for herbivore defense.

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“…Thus, the plant metabolism is divided into primary and secondary metabolism by conventional biochemists. Generally the products of primary metabolism are considered the ones essential for plant growth and development (Bryant et al 1991;Laitinen et al 2004). On the other hand secondary metabolites are considered as the overflow-compounds (Seigler 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Production of Terpenoids in Metabolically Engineered Transgenic Spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) by Salt and Fungal Elicitors

Choi¹,

Park²,

Song³

et al. 2014

Journal of Forest and Environmental Science

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Forest tree species usually takes for long periods to be harvested and cultivated but spearmints are a good model system for woody plant because of reducing and shortening cultivation time. Spearmints are good model plants (Mentha species) for research about terpenoids production and industrial essential oil manufacture. Isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase (Iso) and limonene synthase (Limo) are the key enzymes of terpenoid biosynthesis pathway. Transgenic and wild spearmints (Mentha spicata, MS) were cultured in vitro and assessed for the essential oil contents. The content of essential oil of transgenic spearmint also was enhanced slightly depending on the target terpenoid genes. In an attempt to increase productivity of terpenoids further, salt and fungal elicitation strategy was adopted on transgenic Mentha spicata. The salt (800 mM NaCl) as abiotic and two fungi (Botrytis cinerea and Glomerella cingulata) as biotic were used for elicitors.In the absence of salt stress four terpenoids were detected from the spearmint extracts, all of them being monoterpenes. On the other hand, the transgenic (MSIso) extracts contained eleven terpenoids (10 monoterpenes and 1 phenylpropene) while transgenic (MSLimo) extracts contained seven monoterpenes. After 3 days of fungal infection, the resistance indices further increased to 4.38, 3.89 and 2.04 for wild type, MSIso and MSLimo, respectively. The salt and fungal elicitators proved beneficial towards modifying both the terpenoids profile and improvement in the composition of essential oil. These results have important applications for the large-scale production of essential oils and forest biotechnology with respect to spearmint.

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Variation in birch bark secondary chemistry between and within clones: implications for herbivory by hares

Cited by 56 publications

References 38 publications

Herbivores and variation in the composition of specific phenolics of boreal coniferous trees: a search for patterns

Herbivores and variation in the composition of specific phenolics of boreal coniferous trees: a search for patterns

Production of glandular trichomes responds to water stress and temperature in silver birch (Betula pendula) leaves

Enhancing Production of Terpenoids in Metabolically Engineered Transgenic Spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) by Salt and Fungal Elicitors

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