Variation in Body Size and Flight Performance in Milkweed Bugs (Oncopeltus)

Dingle, Hugh; Blakley, Nigel R.; Miller, Elizabeth R.

doi:10.2307/2407400

Cited by 71 publications

(82 citation statements)

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“…Comparison ofthe Puerto Rico base population with the sample from Iowa (Palmer and Dingle, 1986) confirms, first, that the Puerto Rico bugs are smaller, as has been shown previously (e.g., Dingle et al, 1980a). Mean wing lengths, which are highly correlated with overall size (Dingle et al, 1980a), were 12.74 mm and 11.58 mm for females and males, respectively, ofthe Iowa population, while these were only 11.49 mm and 9.98 mm for the two sexes in the Puerto Rico sample (Table 1).…”

Section: Offspring-parent Analysissupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Mean wing lengths, which are highly correlated with overall size (Dingle et al, 1980a), were 12.74 mm and 11.58 mm for females and males, respectively, ofthe Iowa population, while these were only 11.49 mm and 9.98 mm for the two sexes in the Puerto Rico sample (Table 1). Interestingly, this was not reflected in head width, which for females measured precisely the same in the two populations at 2.06 mm and in males differed by only 0.06 mm (1.96 for Iowa vs. 1.90 for Puerto Rico), a difference which can probably be accounted for by measurement error.…”

Section: Offspring-parent Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the migrant Iowa bugs, larger size may be favored because robustness is advantageous for surviving the rigors of long migratory flights; larger sizes are, in any case, associated with migrant populations (Dingle et al, 1980a). Seeds are necessary for reproduction and survival in O.fasciatus (Blakley, 1980), and the Iowa bugs arrive just before a rich supply offruiting milkweeds (Asclepias syriaca) becomes available.…”

Section: Sexmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the field, there are only short-distance flights of at most a few hundred meters between locally patchy milkweed (Asclepias curassavica and A. nivea) host plants. Long-duration tethered flight occurred at low frequency in laboratory experiments, and there was little evidence of response to photoperiod, in contrast to Iowa bugs (Dingle et al, 1980a(Dingle et al, , 1980b. The Puerto Rico bugs are also smaller than the Iowa bugs (although total fecundity is similar in these populations), and there are some other physiological and ecological differences between the Puerto Rico and Iowa samples (Dingle, 1981).…”

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confidence: 99%

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RESPONSES TO SELECTION AMONG LIFE‐HISTORY TRAITS IN A NONMIGRATORY POPULATION OF MILKWEED BUGS ( ONCOPELTUS FASCIATUS )

1988

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Abstract. -Genetic parameters were assessed in the nonmigratory Puerto Rico population of the milkweed bug, Oncopeltus fasciatus, and compared with parameters estimated in a migratory population from Iowa (Palmer and Dingle, 1986). Offspring-parent regression analysis provided initial estimates of heritabilities and phenotypic and genetic correlations among wing length, headcapsule width, female age at first reproduction, fecundity for the first and second five days of reproduction by females, and clutch size for the first and second five days of reproduction by females. Replicated bidirectional selection for wing length was then imposed, with a direct response to selection revealing substantial additive genetic variance for this trait, as was also the case with the Iowa population. Assays for correlated response to selection yielded two further similarities to Iowa: a positive response in head-capsule width and no consistent response in age at first reproduction. In contrast to the results with Iowa bugs, neither regression analysis nor selection revealed statistically significant genetic correlations between fecundity measures and those of other traits. In both populations the potential exists for body-size characters to evolve together independently ofage at first reproduction; but in the nonmigratory Puerto Rico bugs, fecundity does not contribute to a life-history syndrome involving genetic correlations among these traits.

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Section: Offspring-parent Analysissupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Offspring-parent Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sexmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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RESPONSES TO SELECTION AMONG LIFE‐HISTORY TRAITS IN A NONMIGRATORY POPULATION OF MILKWEED BUGS ( ONCOPELTUS FASCIATUS )

1988

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“…Five juvenile instars are also found in the milkweed bug Lygaeus kalmii (Hunt and Shappirio 1973), in several other species of Oncopeltus (Dingle et al 1980), and perhaps in nearly all hemiptera (H. Brailovsky, pers. comm.…”

Section: Four Postembryonic Developmental Trajectoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different Pathways in Arthropod Postembryonic Development

Higgins

Rankin

1996

Evolution

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Abstract.-To investigate the consequences of canalization and plasticity in arthropod developmental pathways, we developed a model that predicts eight possible combinations among three larval developmental parameters. From the descriptions of insect and spider postembryonic development, it is apparent that not all aspects of juvenile development are plastic and that species differ in which traits are plastic. Most strikingly, only four of the possible eight combinations of canalized and plastic parameters have been found in nature. Using this model, we show that the identity of the canalized developmental parameters and the degree of genetic variation in the value at which a given parameter is fixed have important implications for the ecology and evolution of complex life cycles.Key words.-Arthropods, canalization, constraint, growth, plasticity, postembryonic development.Received December I, 1994.The age and size at which an individual becomes mature are very important determinants of its fitness, and the ultimate, evolutionary causes of variation in both have long attracted attention (e.g., Stearns 1992 and references therein). Both genetic variation and environmentally induced variation (plasticity) can significantly alter the age and size at which an individual matures, but the ecological and evolutionary consequences of genetic versus plastic causes of variation are very different (Caswell 1983;Via and Lande 1985;Gomulkiewicz and Kirkpatrick 1992). Environmentally induced differences among adults are important measures of plasticity (e.g., Stearns and Koella 1986;Solbreck et al. 1989;Hillesheim and Stearns 1991), but these are emergent properties of the juvenile developmental parameters. The relative importance of genetic variation and plasticity in determining age and size at maturity 'can be better understood by investigation of juvenile development (Schmalhausen 1949;Reznick 1990;Gomulkiewicz and Kirkpatrick 1992;Bernardo 1993). In complex life cycles, juvenile developmental plasticity may playa vital role in the interaction of the life cycle with temporal and spatial variation in habitat quality. However, not all aspects of development are plastic; some are canalized. Species and populations differ in which traits are plastic, and such differences can significantly affect the ability of the organism to compensate for poor growing conditions. In the model of juvenile development presented herein, we describe different combinations of canalized and plastic developmental parameters found in arthropods, and we discuss the ecological and evolutionary consequences of various patterns of plasticity.Arthropods are ideal for life-history studies because growth and developmental stage are easily quantified. The juvenile period is broken into discrete stages (instars). In most insects and spiders, growth is determinate, and the molt into the adult stage is the final molt, after which the sclerotized body parts grow no further. Thus, size at maturity is determined by the number of stages and growth in each molt. Li...

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The evolutionary ecology of the Lygaeidae

Burdfield‐Steel

Shuker

2014

Ecology and Evolution

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The Lygaeidae (sensu lato) are a highly successful family of true bugs found worldwide, yet many aspects of their ecology and evolution remain obscure or unknown. While a few species have attracted considerable attention as model species for the study of insect physiology, it is only relatively recently that biologists have begun to explore aspects of their behavior, life history evolution, and patterns of intra- and interspecific ecological interactions across more species. As a result though, a range of new phenotypes and opportunities for addressing current questions in evolutionary ecology has been uncovered. For example, researchers have revealed hitherto unexpectedly rich patterns of bacterial symbiosis, begun to explore the evolutionary function of the family's complex genitalia, and also found evidence of parthenogenesis. Here we review our current understanding of the biology and ecology of the group as a whole, focusing on several of the best-studied characteristics of the group, including aposematism (i.e., the evolution of warning coloration), chemical communication, sexual selection (especially, postcopulatory sexual selection), sexual conflict, and patterns of host-endosymbiont coevolution. Importantly, many of these aspects of lygaeid biology are likely to interact, offering new avenues for research, for instance into how the evolution of aposematism influences sexual selection. With the growing availability of genomic tools for previously “non-model” organisms, combined with the relative ease of keeping many of the polyphagous species in the laboratory, we argue that these bugs offer many opportunities for behavioral and evolutionary ecologists.

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Variation in Body Size and Flight Performance in Milkweed Bugs (Oncopeltus)

Cited by 71 publications

References 27 publications

RESPONSES TO SELECTION AMONG LIFE‐HISTORY TRAITS IN A NONMIGRATORY POPULATION OF MILKWEED BUGS ( ONCOPELTUS FASCIATUS )

RESPONSES TO SELECTION AMONG LIFE‐HISTORY TRAITS IN A NONMIGRATORY POPULATION OF MILKWEED BUGS ( ONCOPELTUS FASCIATUS )

Different Pathways in Arthropod Postembryonic Development

The evolutionary ecology of the Lygaeidae

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