Variation in Hispanic Self-Identification, Spanish Surname, and Geocoding: Implications for Ethnicity Data Collection

Ritzwoller, Debra P.; Carroll, Nikki M.; Gaglio, Bridget; Sukhanova, Anna; Almeida, Fabio A.; Stopponi, Melanie A.; Osuna, Diego

doi:10.2174/1874924000801010012

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…50,51 Furthermore, combined surname matching and geocoding did not improve the likelihood of correctly identifying Hispanics. 52 Hence, dependent on whether reported Hispanic ethnicity was queried directly from patients or presumed by dialysis personnel, some misclassification may be present. However, it is unlikely that misclassification occurred differentially by patients’ future risk of dying, therefore biasing any result toward the null.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in Relative Mortality Between Hispanic and Non-Hispanic Whites Initiating Dialysis: A Retrospective Study of the US Renal Data System

Arce

Goldstein

Mitani

et al. 2013

American Journal of Kidney Diseases

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Background Hispanic patients undergoing long-term dialysis experience better survival compared with non-Hispanic whites. It is unknown whether this association differs by age, has changed over time, or is due to differential access to kidney transplantation. Study Design National retrospective cohort study. Setting & Participants Using the US Renal Data System, we identified 615,618 white patients 18 years or older who initiated dialysis therapy between January 1, 1995, and December 31, 2007. Predictors Hispanic ethnicity (vs non-Hispanic whites), year of end-stage renal disease incidence, age (as potential effect modifier). Outcomes All-cause and cause-specific mortality. Results We found that Hispanics initiating dialysis therapy experienced lower mortality, but age modified this association (P < 0.001). Compared with non-Hispanic whites, mortality in Hispanics was 33% lower at ages 18–39 years (adjusted cause-specific HR [HRcs], 0.67; 95% CI, 0.64–0.71) and 40–59 years (HRcs, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.66–0.68), 19% lower at ages 60–79 years (HRcs, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.80–0.82), and 6% lower at 80 years or older (HRcs, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.91–0.97). Accounting for the differential rates of kidney transplantation, the associations were attenuated markedly in the younger age strata; the survival benefit for Hispanics was reduced from 33% to 10% at ages 18–39 years (adjusted subdistribution-specific HR [HRsd], 0.90; 95% CI, 0.85–0.94) and from 33% to 19% among those aged 40–59 years (HRsd, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.80–0.83). Limitations Inability to analyze Hispanic subgroups that may experience heterogeneous mortality outcomes. Conclusions Overall, Hispanics experienced lower mortality, but differential access to kidney transplantation was responsible for much of the apparent survival benefit noted in younger Hispanics. Am J Kidney Dis. 62(2):312–321.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in Relative Mortality Between Hispanic and Non-Hispanic Whites Initiating Dialysis: A Retrospective Study of the US Renal Data System

Arce

Goldstein

Mitani

et al. 2013

American Journal of Kidney Diseases

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“…This site weighted 50% of its total recruitment by a probable Hispanic indicator. Probable Hispanics were identified with a Latino surname algorithm based on the Passel-Word Spanish surname list utilized by the 1990 Census [ 15 - 18 ] (also Carroll NM et al, unpublished data, 2009).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recruitment to a Randomized Web-Based Nutritional Intervention Trial: Characteristics of Participants Compared to Non-Participants

Stopponi¹,

Alexander²,

McClure³

et al. 2009

J Med Internet Res

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Background Web-based behavioral programs efficiently disseminate health information to a broad population, and online tailoring may increase their effectiveness. While the number of Internet-based behavioral interventions has grown in the last several years, additional information is needed to understand the characteristics of subjects who enroll in these interventions, relative to those subjects who are invited to enroll.Objective The aim of the study was to compare the characteristics of participants who enrolled in an online dietary intervention trial (MENU) with those who were invited but chose not to participate, in order to better understand how these groups differ.Methods The MENU trial was conducted among five health plans participating in the HMO Cancer Research Network in collaboration with the University of Michigan Center for Health Communication Research. Approximately 6000 health plan members per site, between the ages of 21 and 65, and stratified by gender with oversampling of minority populations, were randomly selected for recruitment and were mailed an invitation letter containing website information and a US$2 bill with the promise of US$20 for completing follow-up surveys. Administrative and area-based data using geocoding along with baseline survey data were used to compare invitees (HMO members sent the introductory letter), responders (those who entered a study ID on the website), and enrollees (those who completed the enrollment process). Generalized estimating equation multivariate and logistic regression models were used to assess predictors of response and enrollment.Results Of 28,460 members invited to participate, 4270 (15.0%) accessed the website. Of the eligible responders, 2540 (8.9%) completed the consent form and baseline survey and were enrolled and randomized. The odds of responding were 10% lower for every decade of increased age (P < .001), while the likelihood of enrolling was 10% higher for every decade increase in age (P < .001). Women were more likely to respond and to enroll (P < .001). Those living in a census tract associated with higher education levels were more likely to respond and enroll, as well as those residing in tracts with higher income (P < .001). With a 22% (n = 566) enrollment rate for African Americans and 8% (n = 192) for Hispanics, the enrolled sample was more racially and ethnically diverse than the background sampling frame.Conclusions Relative to members invited to participate in the Internet-based intervention, those who enrolled were more likely to be older and live in census tracts associated with higher socioeconomic status. While oversampling of minority health plan members generated an enrolled sample that was more racially and ethnically diverse than the overall health plan population, additional research is needed to better understand methods that will expand the penetration of Internet interventions into more socioeconomically diverse populations.Trial Registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00169312; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT001693...

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“…We must also consider the potential misclassification of Hispanic ethnicity ( 73 , 74 ). Race and ethnicity are rarely uniformly classified on death certificates and medical records, especially when reporting ethnic and racial groups other than non-Hispanic whites and blacks ( 75 , 76 ).…”

Section: Strengths and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unpacking Hispanic Ethnicity—Cancer Mortality Differentials Among Hispanic Subgroups in the United States, 2004–2014

Tyson

Medina-Ramírez

Flores

et al. 2018

Front. Public Health

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Introduction: National data on the epidemiology of cancer are commonly reported by broad racial/ethnic categories, such as “Hispanic.” However, few studies have disaggregated Hispanic groups and explored mortality differentials in this heterogeneous population. This paper aims to further examine cancer mortality differentials among Hispanic subgroups in the U.S.Materials and Methods: The study examined cancer deaths in the United States from 2004 to 2014 among decedents classified as Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Dominican, Central/South American and non-Hispanic white on the death certificate among those who were 20 years or older at the time of death. Data were obtained from the National Vital Statistics System. Sex-specific age-adjusted mortality rates were computed for a 10-year period and each individual year, for all cancers combined. Differences by age group, cancer sites, and age distribution were also assessed.Results: A total of 296,486 Hispanic cancer deaths were identified. Mortality rates of the Hispanic subgroups compare favorably with those of non-Hispanic whites. The mortality rates for Mexicans are very similar to those of all Hispanics combined, whereas the rates for Cuban and Puerto Ricans are higher. Dominicans and Central/South Americans had the overall lowest mortality rates. Statistically significant decreases in cancer mortality rates were noted in some sub-groups, but rates increased among Dominican women. Age-adjusted mortality rates by cancer site varied among Hispanics subgroups and gender. Among Cubans, only 5% of cancer deaths occurred before the age of 50 compared to 16% of cancer deaths among Central/South American.Conclusion: While it is common to present data on the burden of cancer among Hispanics as an aggregate group, this study illustrates that the burden of cancer varies by Hispanic subgroups. The disaggregation of Hispanics by ancestry/country of origin allows for a clearer understanding of the health status of this growing population and is needed if health disparities are to be adequately identified, understood and addressed.

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Variation in Hispanic Self-Identification, Spanish Surname, and Geocoding: Implications for Ethnicity Data Collection

Cited by 3 publications

References 20 publications

Trends in Relative Mortality Between Hispanic and Non-Hispanic Whites Initiating Dialysis: A Retrospective Study of the US Renal Data System

Trends in Relative Mortality Between Hispanic and Non-Hispanic Whites Initiating Dialysis: A Retrospective Study of the US Renal Data System

Recruitment to a Randomized Web-Based Nutritional Intervention Trial: Characteristics of Participants Compared to Non-Participants

Unpacking Hispanic Ethnicity—Cancer Mortality Differentials Among Hispanic Subgroups in the United States, 2004–2014

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