Variation in human intestinal microbiota with age

Hopkins, Mark; Sharp, Richard; Macfarlane, G.T.

doi:10.1016/s1590-8658(02)80157-8

Cited by 225 publications

(163 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Ͼ 0.09) tended to be older (P ϭ 0.01) and shorter (P ϭ 0.02) individuals who would, in general, be expected to have less muscle mass and to excrete less creatinine. However, the first of these findings also suggests that aging might lead to increased p-cresol production, and this could potentially be caused by age-related changes in the nature of the gut bacteria (32). Furthermore, whereas, in the present study, we found no clear evidence of a relationship between the S/G ratio and age, an age-related decrease in acetaminophen sulfonation has been observed in male rats (33).…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 84%

Pharmacometabonomic identification of a significant host-microbiome metabolic interaction affecting human drug metabolism

Clayton

Baker

Lindon

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

696

573

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We provide a demonstration in humans of the principle of pharmacometabonomics by showing a clear connection between an individual's metabolic phenotype, in the form of a predose urinary metabolite profile, and the metabolic fate of a standard dose of the widely used analgesic acetaminophen. Predose and postdose urinary metabolite profiles were determined by 1 H NMR spectroscopy. The predose spectra were statistically analyzed in relation to drug metabolite excretion to detect predose biomarkers of drug fate and a human-gut microbiome cometabolite predictor was identified. Thus, we found that individuals having high predose urinary levels of p-cresol sulfate had low postdose urinary ratios of acetaminophen sulfate to acetaminophen glucuronide. We conclude that, in individuals with high bacterially mediated p-cresol generation, competitive O-sulfonation of p-cresol reduces the effective systemic capacity to sulfonate acetaminophen. Given that acetaminophen is such a widely used and seemingly well-understood drug, this finding provides a clear demonstration of the immense potential and power of the pharmacometabonomic approach. However, we expect many other sulfonation reactions to be similarly affected by competition with p-cresol and our finding also has important implications for certain diseases as well as for the variable responses induced by many different drugs and xenobiotics. We propose that assessing the effects of microbiome activity should be an integral part of pharmaceutical development and of personalized health care. Furthermore, we envisage that gut bacterial populations might be deliberately manipulated to improve drug efficacy and to reduce adverse drug reactions.T he effects of drug treatments can vary greatly between different individuals, and pharmacogenomics has been widely advocated as a potential means of personalizing human drug treatments to increase drug efficacy and to decrease adverse reactions (1-6). However, environmental factors (such as nutritional status, gut bacterial activities, age, disease, and other drug use) are also important determinants of individual metabolic phenotypes, which modulate drug metabolism, efficacy, and toxicity. Such environmental complications, which may also alter gene expression, will tend to limit the usefulness of predictions of drug-induced responses that are based only on genomic differences (7,8). For instance, for many classes of compound, enzyme induction state, which is environmentally determined, influences drug metabolism and toxicity and this is not captured in genomic data. Recognizing this important limitation of pharmacogenomics, a different approach to personalized drug treatment has recently been proposed wherein predose metabolite profiling would instead be used to predict a subject's responses to potential drug interventions (9). This ''pharmacometabonomic'' approach has a number of major advantages, which include the ready availability and relative ease of analysis of biofluids, such as urine and blood plasma, as well as the fact that ...

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 84%

Pharmacometabonomic identification of a significant host-microbiome metabolic interaction affecting human drug metabolism

Clayton

Baker

Lindon

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

696

573

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Some studies have indicated a change in intestinal microbiota over time (15,32). Our results suggest that the consumption of soy yogurt fermented with E. faecium CRL 183 and L. helveticus subsp.…”

Section: Species Of Enterococcussupporting

confidence: 48%

Effect of ingestion of soy yogurt on intestinal parameters of rats fed on a beef-based animal diet

Bedani¹,

Pauly-Silveira²,

Cano³

et al. 2011

Braz. J. Microbiol.

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The aim of this study was to investigate whether the ingestion of soy yogurt fermented with Enterococcus faecium CRL 183 would modify the intestinal count of enterococci, fecal pH and ammonia content in rats fed on a diet containing red meat. The rats were placed in 4 groups: for 60 days, group I was given a standard casein-based rodent feed and groups II-IV, the beef-based feed. From day 30, groups III-IV also received the following products: III) soy yogurt; IV) suspension of E. faecium CRL 183. At the start and on days 30 and 60, feces were collected for the determination of pH, ammonia content, count of enterococci and identification of their species. On day 60, rats were sacrificed and their colons also removed for count of enterococci and identification of their species. Rats that ingested soy yogurt showed no significant change (P<0.05) in fecal counts of Enterococcus spp., but, this rat group showed a higher count of E. faecium than rats that ingested suspension of E. faecium CRL 183. The ingestion of soy yogurt and E. faecium culture caused a significant rise (P < 0.05) in fecal pH and ammonia content. Our results suggest that consumption of soy yogurt fermented with E. faecium CRL 183 and L. helveticus subsp. jugurti could change the species of Enterococcus spp. present in the feces and colon of rats fed on a beef-based diet. However, the fermented soy product and the pure culture of E. faecium CRL 183 also induced undesirable effects such as the increase of fecal pH and ammonia content in the feces of rats fed on a beef-based diet.

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“…4,5 Weaning and introduction of solid foods further alter the gut microbiota community structure, until the composition resembles that of an adult later in childhood. 4,6,7 Besides changes related to age, several other factors have been reported to alter gut microbiota community structure, including diet, birth route (vaginal versus Cesarean delivery), exposure to antibiotics, nutritional status, genetic factors, and diarrhea episodes. 2,6,8 Diarrhea episodes have been shown to be associated with an overall decrease in phylogenetic diversity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4,6,7 Besides changes related to age, several other factors have been reported to alter gut microbiota community structure, including diet, birth route (vaginal versus Cesarean delivery), exposure to antibiotics, nutritional status, genetic factors, and diarrhea episodes. 2,6,8 Diarrhea episodes have been shown to be associated with an overall decrease in phylogenetic diversity. [9][10][11][12] Although modifications in the relative abundance of taxa differ by study site, studies have shown increases in the relative abundance of the phylum Proteobacteria and decreases in Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus during diarrhea episodes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiome Composition in Young Nicaraguan Children During Diarrhea Episodes and Recovery

Becker‐Dreps¹,

Allali²,

Monteagudo³

et al. 2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Understanding how the gut microbiota is affected by diarrhea episodes may help explain alterations in intestinal function among children in low-income settings. This study examined the composition of the gut microbiome of Nicaraguan children both during diarrhea episodes and while free of diarrhea for at least 2 months. Relative abundances of bacterial taxa, phylogenetic diversity, and species richness were determined by 16S amplicon sequencing and compared between paired diarrhea and recovery samples. A total of 66 stools were provided by 25 children enrolled in a 1-year cohort study of diarrhea etiologies. Children in our cohort had a mean age of 21.9 months; 64% were breast-fed, and 10% had received an antibiotic during the diarrhea episode. Overall, phylogenetic diversity and species richness did not differ significantly between diarrhea and recovery stools. However, of children who had a bacterial enteropathogen detected in any diarrhea stool, none experienced an increase in phylogenetic diversity in recovery, whereas of those in whom no bacterial enteropathogens were detected in their diarrhea stool(s), 59% experienced an increase in phylogenetic diversity in recovery (P = 0.008). This preliminary study suggests that recovery of the gut microbiota after a diarrhea episode may take longer time than previously thought and may be pathogen specific.

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Variation in human intestinal microbiota with age

Cited by 225 publications

References 21 publications

Pharmacometabonomic identification of a significant host-microbiome metabolic interaction affecting human drug metabolism

Pharmacometabonomic identification of a significant host-microbiome metabolic interaction affecting human drug metabolism

Effect of ingestion of soy yogurt on intestinal parameters of rats fed on a beef-based animal diet

Gut Microbiome Composition in Young Nicaraguan Children During Diarrhea Episodes and Recovery

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