Variation in Kidney Stone Composition Within the United States

Grant, Campbell; Guzman, Gabe; Stainback, Rita Parke; Amdur, Richard L.; Mufarrij, Patrick W.

doi:10.1089/end.2018.0304

Cited by 32 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…This introduced a big bias because uric acid stone might occur as a second dominant one, and it should be counted in the uric acid group. Dahllite and ammonium magnesium phosphate hexahydrate also account for a big part of stones [9]. However, these stones were excluded from their study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetes Mellitus Might Not Be Associated with Any Stone Component in a Local District

Chen¹,

Chen²,

Pan³

et al. 2020

Urol Int

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Background: Type II diabetes mellitus (DM) is a risk factor for urinary stones, but the pathogenesis remains unclear. The aim of our study was to present the distribution of stone components between DM and no DM group from a local stone center in China and to help the prevention department in decision-making. Methods: We reviewed the records of patients with upper urinary stones attending our hospital from January 2015 to September 2018. The patients with complete information were divided into 2 groups: type II DM group (DM group) and without DM group (no DM group). The distribution of stone components was analyzed. Results: Two hundred twenty-two patients were complicated with DM, whereas 1,894 (89%) were not. Significant difference was found in the distribution of hypertension and BMI (p = 0, p = 0, respectively). Distribution of sex, age, and stone components did not differ between the 2 groups. By the binary logistic analysis, increasing age and sex seemed to be the main risk factors influencing the stone components. Only the calcium stone seemed to be free of the impact from age and sex. Occurrence of hypertension is a single risk factor for calcium stone from our analysis. Presence of diabetes and increasing BMI was not found to be significantly associated with the risk for any stone component. Conclusions: In a local district, DM might not be the main factor associated with an increased risk for uric acid stone formation or any stone component. We should also consider the local characteristics of the stone distribution.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetes Mellitus Might Not Be Associated with Any Stone Component in a Local District

Chen¹,

Chen²,

Pan³

et al. 2020

Urol Int

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show abstract

“…Although the most common composition of calculi is of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate (82.8% in 2015) in Japan [2], which is comparable to those in the United States [24], the performance of our model for patients of other ethnicities is unknown. Further validation outside of Japan is necessary.…”

Section: Study Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and validation of a prediction model for failed shockwave lithotripsy of upper urinary tract calculi using computed tomography information: the S3HoCKwave score

et al. 2020

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Purpose To develop and validate a new clinical prediction model that accurately predicts the failure of shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) using information obtained from non-contrast-enhanced computed tomography (NCCT). Methods This multicentre retrospective cohort study consecutively enrolled patients diagnosed with upper urinary tract calculi by NCCT at five hospitals in Japan from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2016. Among the candidate predictors, we selected the six most significant predictors a priori. The main outcome was SWL failure after three sessions. Model calibration was evaluated by the calibration slope and the Hosmer-Lemeshow test. Discrimination was evaluated by the receiver-operating characteristic curves and the area under the curve (AUC). A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed; based on the estimated β coefficients, predictive scores were generated. Results Of 2695 patients, 2271 were included. Patients were divided into the development cohort (1666 patients) and validation cohort (605 patients) according to geographical factors. We developed a clinical prediction model with scores ranging from 0 to 49 points. We named the prediction model the S 3 HoCKwave score based on the initials of the predictors (sex, skin-to-stone distance, size, Hounsfield units, colic, and kidney or ureter). As a result of internal validation, the optimismcorrected AUC was 0.72. In the validation cohort, the Hosmer-Lemeshow test did not show statistical significance (P = 0.33), and the AUC was 0.71 (95% confidence interval 0.65-0.76). Conclusions The S 3 HoCKwave score is easy to understand, has a relatively high predictive value, and allows clinicians to make appropriate treatment selections. Keywords Urolithiasis • Extracorporeal shockwave therapy • Decision making • Decision support techniques Members of the Okayama-Ehime SWL Study Group are listed in the Acknowledgements section.

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“…A narrative review of the estimated prevalence of uric acid nephrolithiasis around the world demonstrated that higher rates were observed in countries with hot and dry climates [7]. In a study comparing the composition of urinary stones from seven areas of the United States, a higher frequency of uric acid stones was observed in Florida, one of the states with the highest average temperature and humidity [8].Furthermore, a recent study showed that the risk of acutely emergent stone episodes after exposure to short periods of high wet-bulb temperatures was higher in men who form uric acid stones more frequently than in women [9]. Consequently, the effect of climate on the risk of uric acid stones could be related to relatively short heath events ("heath waves") rather than to the increase in average temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time changes in the spectrum of urinary stone composition: a role for climate variations?

et al. 2020

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Background An increase of the frequency of uric acid urinary stones compared to calcium-containing ones has been recently described. This study was aimed at assessing the frequency of different types of urinary stones in the population of northern Italy in the period 2016–18 compared to 2001–2003. Methods Analyses by infrared spectroscopy of 1007 stones endoscopically removed at two institutions in the area of Milan (Northern Italy) were retrospectively considered. Stones were classified as calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) and dihydrate (COD), mixed uric acid/calcium oxalate (UC); uric acid (UA), struvite (ST); apatite (CAP); mixed calcium oxalate / apatite (CAPOX); others. The patients were divided into two groups: 2001–2003 and 2016–2018. The average temperature values of the region over the two time periods were obtained by the national statistical institute. Results The average age of the 2001–2003 group (45.8+/− 15.4 years) was significantly lower than the average age of the 2016–18 group (57.9+/− 14.8) (0.000). M / F ratio was similar in the two groups: 119 / 69 (1,0.58) in 2001–2003 and 527 / 292 (1,0.55) in 2016–18 (p = 0.862). COM stones tended to more frequent in 2016–18 group than in 2001–03. COD stones were significantly more frequent in 2001–03 than in 2016–18. ST stone frequency was increased from 2001 to 03 to 2016–18. No increase of uric acid containing stones was observed in 2016–18. Results were confirmed after adjustment by age. Averages annual regional temperatures increased from 14 °C to 15.4 °C during the two observation periods. Conclusions No increase of UA stones was observed, probably due to the limited impact of the global warming in our temperate climate.

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Variation in Kidney Stone Composition Within the United States

Abstract: Kidney stone composition does not vary widely by region within the United States. Although temperature and humidity play a role in stone incidence, there does not appear to be a large variation between different climates, with the exception of uric acid stone formation in Florida.

Cited by 32 publications

References 18 publications

Diabetes Mellitus Might Not Be Associated with Any Stone Component in a Local District

Diabetes Mellitus Might Not Be Associated with Any Stone Component in a Local District

Development and validation of a prediction model for failed shockwave lithotripsy of upper urinary tract calculi using computed tomography information: the S3HoCKwave score

Time changes in the spectrum of urinary stone composition: a role for climate variations?

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