Variation in leaf xeromorphism in the desert palm genus Washingtonia (Arecaceae)

Pérez, Vanessa; Arevalo, A.E.; Villanueva-Almanza, Lorena; Ezcurra, Exequiel

doi:10.1016/j.jaridenv.2020.104412

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…There may appear to be a contradiction when Willmer and Fricker [74] stated that hypostomatic leaves, which have stomata restricted to the lower leaves surface, demonstrate better ability to associate with dry conditions than amphistomatous ones. Many studies indicated that amphistomary leaves are dominant in coping with water-deficit environments, and plants with increased stomata density tend to become more amphistomatic [75]. In this study, nine cultivars namely E. 'Brave,' E. Colorata E. Walther, E. 'Fire Pillar,' E. 'Glam Pink,' E. 'Loy,', E. 'Milk Rose,' E. 'Peerless,' E. 'Snow Bunny,' and E. 'Viyant', exhibited a range of leaf thickness from 6.01 to 8.21 mm, and Parkhurst [76] found that amphistomaty positively related to the thickness of leaves.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Echeveria Leaf Morpho-Anatomical Analysis and Its Implications for Environmental Stress Conditions

Ha Tran,

Cabahug-Braza,

Hwang

2024

Horticulturae

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Echeveria, classified in the Crassulaceae family, possesses unique adaptive strategies with xeromorphic features to withstand semi-arid environments. The diversity and ecological adaptation of succulent plants offer valuable insights into addressing climate change challenges. In particular, the epidermis, hypodermis, vascular bundles arrangement, and stomata characteristics are commonly used to investigate light, humidity, temperature, and water availability adaptations. While leaf anatomical analysis is a common approach, limited studies have been conducted on Echeveria, especially among cultivars. To understand how succulents cope with environmental stress, leaf morpho-anatomical features were analyzed using the free-hand sectioning method with methanol fixation of fifteen Echeveria cultivars. The finding revealed a robust correlation between epidermis and hypodermis size (r = 0.362–0.729), and a positive association between leaf thickness and the epidermis (r = 0.362–0.536), suggesting implications for water storage. Most cultivars displayed a 3D vascular arrangement, with minor vascular bundles surrounding the main vascular bundle at the center, along with small stomata size, and low stomata frequency in the adaxial surface. Moreover, these cultivars grown under controlled conditions maintain their xeromorphic characteristics with the presence of epicuticular wax and thick and fully expanded small leaves. Likewise, the features of cultivars ultimately suggest that these succulents are tolerant to high temperatures and limited water supply. This study provides a fundamental understanding of Echeveria plants’ leaf anatomy and the correlation of their leaf structures toward environmental stress. Likewise, the methods and results of this study will serve as a benchmark for other research in related species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Echeveria Leaf Morpho-Anatomical Analysis and Its Implications for Environmental Stress Conditions

Ha Tran,

Cabahug-Braza,

Hwang

2024

Horticulturae

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“…Asperula cankiriense with hypostomatic leaves is also widely distributed in the arid gypsum steppes of Çankırı province. Most angiosperms have leaves with a bifacial or dorsiventral structure, but in some arid environments, it is also common to observe plants with isolateral leaves with palisade tissue on both sides (Pérez et al, 2021). Asperula cankiriense , which also shows isolateral leaf characteristics, shows similar characteristics with Asperula daphneola O. Schwarz, which spreads in limestone habitats in Turkey (Gucel, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Notes on the Newly Identified Asperula cankiriense B. Şahin & Sağıroğlu (Rubiaceae) from Turkey Based on a Light and Scanning Electron Microscopic Study

Kayabaş

Mutlu

2022

Microsc Microanal

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Micromorphological features of vegetative and reproductive organs in plants are considered important because they can be used as taxonomic characters. Asperula cankiriense B. Şahin & Sağıroğlu, commonly known as “Çankırı belumu”, belongs to the family Rubiaceae and generally occurs in gypsum steppes. This research reports for the first time the micromorphological characteristics of the vegetative and reproductive organs of A. cankiriense using light and scanning electron microscopy. Taxonomically critical diagnostic features, such as raphide crystals, presence and shape of trichomes, leaf cross-section shape, flower structure, and epidermal ornamentation, were described in detail. This study provided up-to-date information on the micromorphology of this newly described species and provided additional systematic information on A. cankiriense. New data about the species are reported here and will contribute to the knowledge about the family Rubiaceae.

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“…The variety of leaf shapes ensures better adaptability and survival in variable environmental conditions ( Kim et al., 2018 ). The existence of heteromorphic and normal (unchanged in shape) leaves may be a strategic tradeoff between “single and multipronged bets” ( Sanginés de Cárcer et al., 2017 ; Pérez et al., 2021 ). In favorable and stable environments, plants tend to be stable in a particular way of life that maximizes their return on investment (single bet).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drought stress-induced the formation of heteromorphic leaves of Populus euphratica Oliv: evidence from gene transcriptome

et al. 2023

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Populus euphratica Oliv., a dominant species of arid desert community, grows heteromorphic leaves at different crown positions. Whether heteromorphic leaves are a strategy of plant adaptation to drought stress is rarely reported. This study sequenced the transcriptome of three typical heteromorphic leaves (lanceolate, ovate and broad-ovate leaves) of P. euphratica, and measured their drought stress. We wanted to reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying the formation of heteromorphic leaves. Drought stress was increased significantly from lanceolate to ovate to broad-ovate leaves. Gene ontology (GO) and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the MADs-box gene regulated the expression of peroxidase (POD) in the phenylpropane biosynthetic pathway. The up-regulated expression of the chalcone synthase (CHS) gene in broad-ovate leaves significantly activated the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. In the process of leaf shape change, the different expressions of homeodomain leucine zipper (HD-ZIP) among the three heteromorphic leaves had potential interactions on the AUX and ABA pathways. The expression of Sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) and sucrose synthase (SUS) increased from lanceolate to broad-ovate leaves, resulting in a consistent change in starch and sucrose content. We concluded that these resistance-related pathways are expressed in parallel with leaf formation genes, thereby inducing the formation of heteromorphic leaves. Our work provided a new insights for desert plants to adapt to drought stress.

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Variation in leaf xeromorphism in the desert palm genus Washingtonia (Arecaceae)

Cited by 3 publications

References 45 publications

Echeveria Leaf Morpho-Anatomical Analysis and Its Implications for Environmental Stress Conditions

Echeveria Leaf Morpho-Anatomical Analysis and Its Implications for Environmental Stress Conditions

Notes on the Newly Identified Asperula cankiriense B. Şahin & Sağıroğlu (Rubiaceae) from Turkey Based on a Light and Scanning Electron Microscopic Study

Drought stress-induced the formation of heteromorphic leaves of Populus euphratica Oliv: evidence from gene transcriptome

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