Variation in mycorrhizal development and growth stimulation by 20 <i>Pisolithus</i> isolates inoculated on to <i>Eucalyptus grandis</i> W. Hill ex Maiden

Burgess, Treena I.; Dell, B.; Malajczuk, N.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1994.tb02977.x

Cited by 126 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Both VAM and ECM fungi vary in carbon sink strength and apparently also in symbiotic effectiveness (e.g. Abbott, Robson & Gazey, 1992 ;Burgess, Dell & Malajczuk, 1994 ;Cullings, Azaro & Bruns, 1996). However, fungal isolates that perform poorly in some experiments may provide substantial benefits to plants in other trials where growing conditions are more suitable for that particular fungus (Dickson, Smith & Smith, 1999).…”

Section: Synchronised Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and classification of mycorrhizal associations

2004

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Most mycorrhizas are ' balanced ' mutualistic associations in which the fungus and plant exchange commodities required for their growth and survival. Myco-heterotrophic plants have 'exploitative ' mycorrhizas where transfer processes apparently benefit only plants. Exploitative associations are symbiotic (in the broad sense), but are not mutualistic. A new definition of mycorrhizas that encompasses all types of these associations while excluding other plant-fungus interactions is provided. This definition recognises the importance of nutrient transfer at an interface resulting from synchronised plant-fungus development. The diversity of interactions between mycorrhizal fungi and plants is considered. Mycorrhizal fungi also function as endophytes, necrotrophs and antagonists of host or non-host plants, with roles that vary during the lifespan of their associations. It is recommended that mycorrhizal associations are defined and classified primarily by anatomical criteria regulated by the host plant. A revised classification scheme for types and categories of mycorrhizal associations defined by these criteria is proposed. The main categories of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal associations (VAM) are 'linear' or 'coiling ', and of ectomycorrhizal associations (ECM) are ' epidermal ' or 'cortical '. Subcategories of coiling VAM and epidermal ECM occur in certain host plants. Fungus-controlled features result in ' morphotypes ' within categories of VAM and ECM. Arbutoid and monotropoid associations should be considered subcategories of epidermal ECM and ectendomycorrhizas should be relegated to an ECM morphotype. Both arbuscules and vesicles define mycorrhizas formed by glomeromycotan fungi. A new classification scheme for categories, subcategories and morphotypes of mycorrhizal associations is provided.

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Section: Synchronised Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and classification of mycorrhizal associations

2004

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“…Plastic pots (2-l volume, 14-cm top diameter) were lined with plastic bags and filled with 2 kg of soil. Nutrient solutions, other than P, were applied at concentrations known to be optimum for eucalypt growth in this soil (Burgess et al, 1994, Brundrett et al, 1996. These concentrations were (mg kg −" soil) :…”

Section:   mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Soil preparation and fertilizer additions were based on earlier glasshouse trials where responses of Eucalyptus spp. to mycorrhizal inoculation were quantified (Bougher et al, 1990 ;Burgess et al, 1994). The soil used was a Karrakatta Yellow Sand from the Spearwood Dune System north of Perth, Western Australia (soil\water 2 : 1 slurry, pH 5.4 ; Bray extractable P 2 mg P kg −" ).…”

Section:   mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ectomycorrhizas and vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizas, alone or in competition, on root colonization and growth of Eucalyptus globulus and E. urophylla

2000

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Eucalyptus species are considered to have ectomycorrhizas (ECM), but many also have vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizas (VAM) and their relative importance is unclear. Interactions between ECM and VAM fungi colonizing roots of Eucalyptus species were examined in a glasshouse experiment. This experiment investigated competition between these two types of fungi and compared benefits provided to Eucalyptus globulus and E. urophylla. Eucalyptus seedlings were inoculated with spores of the ECM fungus Laccaria lateritia and/or pot‐ culture soil for a VAM fungus (species of Glomus, Acaulospora or Scutellospora). Initial inoculum levels were important, as VAM fungi became established much more rapidly than Laccaria. In plants with both types of mycorrhizas, Laccaria mycorrhizas substantially increased after 2 or 3 months and the proportion of roots with VAM declined. However, the proportion of roots with VAM also decreased significantly in plants without ECM after 2 months. Thus, the relative susceptibility of eucalypt roots to these mycorrhizal associations changed. Substantial growth responses to mycorrhizal inoculation occurred when a low concentration of phosphorus fertilization was used (5 mg kg−1), but not at a higher concentration (10 mg kg−1). Treatments where Laccaria was applied, alone or in combination with a VAM fungus, resulted in the largest growth increases relative to nonmycorrhizal plants. An Acaulospora isolate was the most effective VAM fungus for E. urophylla although other VAM fungi also increased growth relative to the control. VAM fungi alone had little effect on E. globulus growth, but plants inoculated with both ECM and VAM fungi were larger than plants only inoculated with Laccaria. ECM fungi had a major impact on root system form by reducing the proportion of fine roots (specific root length) relative to nonmycorrhizal plants or those with VAM. Changes in root colonization patterns over time must be considered in studies of ECM/VAM interactions, as there can be substantial changes in the relative importance of the two associations.

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“…Numerous studies have shown that individual species of AM fungi, and even fungal isolates in one species, differ in their ability to promote plant growth, and that promotion of plant growth can depend on the particular matching of plant and fungal species (Johnson, 1993;Johnson and Pfleger, 1992;Johnson et al, , 1997Jansa et al, 2002). When tested on a single plant species, the fungal isolates can increase, decrease, or have little effect on plant growth (Burgess et al, 1994;Feng et al, 2001;van der Heijden and Kuyper, 2001;O'Keefe and Sylvia, 1993). This inter-and intraspecific variation makes it essential to screen for efficient AM fungi for particular host-plant species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi for Symbiotic Efficiency with Sweet Potato

Gai

Feng

Christie

et al. 2006

Journal of Plant Nutrition

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A greenhouse study was conducted to study the efficiency of 14 isolates of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi isolated from a local agricultural soil on the productivity of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas). The different AM fungi enhanced the biomass and nutritional status of sweet potato seedlings to different extents. The genus Glomus was more effective than Acaulospora or Scutellospora. Efficiency also varied among isolates of Glomus irrespective of individual host plant or location of origin. Intraspecific differences were sometimes greater than interspecific differences. Benefits deriving from fungal isolates were positively correlated with the root-colonization rate and the abundance of extraradical propagules of the AM fungi. Taking plant yield parameters, nutritional status of the plants, and fungal attributes into consideration, GEGM (Glomus etunicatum together with Glomus mosseae) and GE6 (Glomus etunicatum) were the most effective AM symbionts for sweet potato under the experimental conditions.

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Variation in mycorrhizal development and growth stimulation by 20 Pisolithus isolates inoculated on to Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden

Cited by 126 publications

References 21 publications

Diversity and classification of mycorrhizal associations

Diversity and classification of mycorrhizal associations

Effects of ectomycorrhizas and vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizas, alone or in competition, on root colonization and growth of Eucalyptus globulus and E. urophylla

Screening of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi for Symbiotic Efficiency with Sweet Potato

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