Variation in Native Bee Faunas and its Implications for Detecting Community Changes

Williams, Neal M.; Minckley, Robert L.; Silveira, Fernando A.

doi:10.5751/es-00259-050107

Cited by 254 publications

(235 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…2) and such a sample can be considered representative. In faunal studies of Apoidea, representativeness of a collection rarely exceeds 70 % (Williams et al 2001). Thus the present study demonstrates that the collection of representative material would require bee sampling from late March to September every 7-10 days.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Guidelines on sampling intensity of bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Apiformes)

2014

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Changes in bee fauna, such as the disappearance of certain species or increasing abundance of others, are very important. The common belief that pollinating insects are facing problems also prompts detailed studies of the bee fauna in order to track on-going changes. Assessment of the state of bee communities in particular ecosystems or ecosystem complexes within a landscape, tracing the course of trends in fauna and also predicting their future structures resulting from current changes, are only possible if sampling is carried out at an appropriate frequency, so that representative materials are obtained. The aim of the present study was to determine what sampling intensity during the growing season would enable the collection of representative materials to evaluate species diversity of bees in a study area. Repeated bee sampling at monthly intervals throughout the period of activity of bees resulted in the identification of 73 bee species, corresponding to 51.4 % of the estimated number of bee species in the study area. When samples were obtained twice a month, 93 bee species were captured, accounting for 65.5 % of the estimated number of bee species. When sampling took place nearly four times a month, 108 bee species were captured, making up 76 % of the estimated number of bee species; the materials obtained at this sampling rate may be regarded as representative. The importance of accounting for the phenology of a given animal group during a sampling effort is also emphasised.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Guidelines on sampling intensity of bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Apiformes)

2014

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“…Because we did not sample the year before we conducted our study, we cannot test this prediction nor disentangle it from biases associated with other sampling methods. Previous research has shown that bee communities can be highly variable between years, experiencing high rates of species turnover (Petanidou, Kallimanis, Tzanopoulos, Sgardelis, & Pantis, 2008;Williams, Minckley, & Silveira, 2001). To eliminate this temporal issue in future studies we suggest collecting data on the flying community in the prior year to e-trap sampling or moving e-traps during the study period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating nesting microhabitat for ground-nesting bees using emergence traps

Sardiñas

Kremen

2014

Basic and Applied Ecology

112

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Nesting resources structure native bee communities and the availability of suitable nests may enhance population abundance and persistence. Nesting rates of ground-nesting bees have proven challenging to assess due to a lack of standardized methods. We quantified the abundance of ground-nesting native bees using emergence traps over a seven-month study period. We then compared specimens captured in emergence traps with pan-and net-collected specimens. We hypothesized that ground-nesting bees would be highly similar to bees found foraging within our study site. However, the species assemblage of ground-nesting bees collected from emergence traps was significantly dissimilar from the assemblages collected with aerial nets and pan traps, indicating different sampling methods target different components of the species assemblage. We then examined the importance of nesting resources found at each emergence trap on the abundance of ground-nesting bees collected from emergence traps. Quantification of potential nesting resources, such as percent bare soil, has been proposed as a proxy of nesting habitat for ground-nesting guilds. Sloped ground and soil compaction were the most predictive nesting resources at the community-level. Further, spatial distribution of nesting resources within the study landscape also affected nesting rates, although this varied by species. Bees occurred in 85% of emergence traps, with sampling date strongly affecting the number of bees collected. Emergence traps provide a useful method of sampling the ground-nesting native bee community and investigating nesting incidence. ZusammenfassungNistgelegenheiten strukturieren Bienengemeinschaften, und die Verfügbarkeit von geeigneten Nestern kann die Abundanz und Persistenz von Populationen befördern. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass die Brutzahlen von bodennistenden Bienen schwer zu bestimmen sind, da standardisierte Methoden fehlen. Wir quantifizierten die Abundanz von bodennistenden Bienen, indem wir Schlüpffallen während einer 7-monatigen Untersuchungsperiode einsetzten. Wir verglichen dann die mit Schlüpffallen gefangenen Individuen mit Farbschalen-und Streifnetzfängen. Wir postulierten, dass die bodennistenden Bienen den Bienen, die wir auf unserer Untersuchungsfläche sammelnd antrafen, sehr ähnlich sein würden. Indessen unterschied sich die Artengemeinschaft der bodennistenden Bienen aus Schlüpffallen signifikant von den mit den beiden anderen Methoden erhaltenen Gemeinschaften, was anzeigt, dass unterschiedliche Sammelmethoden unterschiedliche Ausschnitte der Artengemeinschaft erfassen. Wir untersuchten dann die Bedeutung von Nestressourcen, die von den einzelnen Schlüpffallen erfasst wurden, für die Abundanz der mit Schlüpffallen gefangenen bodennistenden Bienen. Quantifizierungen von potentiellen Nestressourcen,

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“…Herrera et al 1998;Pías & Guitián 2006). Studies over multiple seasons are also necessary to truly understand the stability of the pollination service, because insect communities often show high temporal variation (Cane & Payne 1993;Roubik 2001) and habitatspecific temporal species turnover (Williams et al 2001;Cane et al 2005;Tylianakis et al 2005).…”

Section: (B) Research Needsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of pollinators in changing landscapes for world crops

et al. 2006

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The extent of our reliance on animal pollination for world crop production for human food has not previously been evaluated and the previous estimates for countries or continents have seldom used primary data. In this review, we expand the previous estimates using novel primary data from 200 countries and found that fruit, vegetable or seed production from 87 of the leading global food crops is dependent upon animal pollination, while 28 crops do not rely upon animal pollination. However, global production volumes give a contrasting perspective, since 60% of global production comes from crops that do not depend on animal pollination, 35% from crops that depend on pollinators, and 5% are unevaluated. Using all crops traded on the world market and setting aside crops that are solely passively self-pollinated, windpollinated or parthenocarpic, we then evaluated the level of dependence on animal-mediated pollination for crops that are directly consumed by humans. We found that pollinators are essential for 13 crops, production is highly pollinator dependent for 30, moderately for 27, slightly for 21, unimportant for 7, and is of unknown significance for the remaining 9. We further evaluated whether local and landscape-wide management for natural pollination services could help to sustain crop diversity and production. Case studies for nine crops on four continents revealed that agricultural intensification jeopardizes wild bee communities and their stabilizing effect on pollination services at the landscape scale.

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Variation in Native Bee Faunas and its Implications for Detecting Community Changes

Cited by 254 publications

References 56 publications

Guidelines on sampling intensity of bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Apiformes)

Guidelines on sampling intensity of bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Apiformes)

Evaluating nesting microhabitat for ground-nesting bees using emergence traps

Importance of pollinators in changing landscapes for world crops

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