Variation in Parameters of Ambient Air Quality in National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi (India)

Gour, Anunay A.; Singh, Santosh Kumar; Tyagi, Sushil K.; Mandal, Anubha

doi:10.4236/acs.2015.51002

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Recently Gour et al (2015) published a detailed report based on 5 years of observation that in New Delhi CO and NO x concentration is lower on weekends and public holidays than during working days. This further suggested that both of the species are related with traffic source.…”

Section: Ambient Aerosol Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosol effective density measurement using scanning mobility particle sizer and quartz crystal microbalance with the estimation of involved uncertainty

Sarangi

Aggarwal

Sinha³

et al. 2016

Atmos. Meas. Tech.

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Abstract. In this work, we have used a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) and a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) to estimate the effective density of aerosol particles. This approach is tested for aerosolized particles generated from the solution of standard materials of known density, i.e. ammonium sulfate (AS), ammonium nitrate (AN) and sodium chloride (SC), and also applied for ambient measurement in New Delhi. We also discuss uncertainty involved in the measurement. In this method, dried particles are introduced in to a differential mobility analyser (DMA), where size segregation is done based on particle electrical mobility. Downstream of the DMA, the aerosol stream is subdivided into two parts. One is sent to a condensation particle counter (CPC) to measure particle number concentration, whereas the other one is sent to the QCM to measure the particle mass concentration simultaneously. Based on particle volume derived from size distribution data of the SMPS and mass concentration data obtained from the QCM, the mean effective density (ρ eff ) with uncertainty of inorganic salt particles (for particle count mean diameter (CMD) over a size range 10-478 nm), i.e. AS, SC and AN, is estimated to be 1.76±0.24, 2.08±0.19 and 1.69±0.28 g cm −3 , values which are comparable with the material density (ρ) values, 1.77, 2.17 and 1.72 g cm −3 , respectively. Using this technique, the percentage contribution of error in the measurement of effective density is calculated to be in the range of 9-17 %. Among the individual uncertainty components, repeatability of particle mass obtained by the QCM, the QCM crystal frequency, CPC counting efficiency, and the equivalence of CPC-and QCM-derived volume are the major contributors to the expanded uncertainty (at k = 2) in comparison to other components, e.g. diffusion correction, charge correction, etc. Effective density for ambient particles at the beginning of the winter period in New Delhi was measured to be 1.28 ± 0.12 g cm −3 . It was found that in general, mid-day effective density of ambient aerosols increases with increase in CMD of particle size measurement but particle photochemistry is an important factor to govern this trend. It is further observed that the CMD has good correlation with O 3 , SO 2 and ambient RH, suggesting that possibly sulfate secondary materials have a substantial contribution in particle effective density. This approach can be useful for real-time measurement of effective density of both laboratory-generated and ambient aerosol particles, which is very important for studying the physico-chemical properties of particles.

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Section: Ambient Aerosol Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosol effective density measurement using scanning mobility particle sizer and quartz crystal microbalance with the estimation of involved uncertainty

Sarangi

Aggarwal

Sinha³

et al. 2016

Atmos. Meas. Tech.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Similarly, more recently a DMA-APM approach to get particle size and mass information, respectively has been extensively applied for particle density measurements in different environments (Geller et al, 2006;Malloy et al, 2009;Lee et al, 2009;Gysel et al, 2011;Nakao et al, 2013;Rissler et al, 2014;Yin et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosol effective density measurement using scanning mobility particle sizer and quartz crystal microbalance with the estimation of involved uncertainty

Sarangi¹,

Aggarwal²,

Sinha³

et al. 2015

Preprint

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Abstract. In this work, we have used scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) to estimate the effective density of aerosol particles. This approach is tested for aerosolized particles generated from the solution of standard materials of known density, i.e. ammonium sulfate (AS), ammonium nitrate (AN) and sodium chloride (SC), and also applied for ambient measurement in New Delhi. We also discuss uncertainty involved in the measurement. In this method, dried particles are introduced in to a differential mobility analyzer (DMA), where size segregation was done based on particle electrical mobility. At the downstream of DMA, the aerosol stream is subdivided into two parts. One is sent to a condensation particle counter (CPC) to measure particle number concentration, whereas other one is sent to QCM to measure the particle mass concentration simultaneously. Based on particle volume derived from size distribution data of SMPS and mass concentration data obtained from QCM, the mean effective density (ρeff) with uncertainty of inorganic salt particles (for particle count mean diameter (CMD) over a size range 10 to 478 nm), i.e. AS, SC and AN is estimated to be 1.76 ± 0.24, 2.08 ± 0.19 and 1.69 ± 0.28 g cm−3, which are comparable with the material density (ρ) values, 1.77, 2.17 and 1.72 g cm−3, respectively. Among individual uncertainty components, repeatability of particle mass obtained by QCM, QCM crystal frequency, CPC counting efficiency, and equivalence of CPC and QCM derived volume are the major contributors to the expanded uncertainty (at k = 2) in comparison to other components, e.g. diffusion correction, charge correction, etc. Effective density for ambient particles at the beginning of winter period in New Delhi is measured to be 1.28 ± 0.12 g cm−3. It was found that in general, mid-day effective density of ambient aerosols increases with increase in CMD of particle size measurement but particle photochemistry is an important factor to govern this trend. It is further observed that the CMD has good correlation with O3, SO2 and ambient RH, suggesting that possibly sulfate secondary materials have substantial contribution in particle effective density. This approach can be useful for real-time measurement of effective density of both laboratory generated and ambient aerosol particles, which is very important for studying the physico-chemical property of particles.

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“…Oxides of nitrogen include nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) High levels of exposure have been linked with increased hospital admissions due to respiratory problems, while long-term exposure may affect lung function and increase the response to allergens in sensitive people Carbon monoxide (CO) when inhaled, blocks oxygen from the brain, heart, and other vital organs. Fetuses, new-born children, and people with chronic illnesses are especially susceptible to the effects of CO [32]. Carbon monoxide reduces the blood's oxygen-carrying capacity which can reduce the availability of oxygen to key organs.…”

Section: Parameters Of Vehicular Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study for Reduction of Pollution Level in Diesel Engines, Petrol Engines and Generator Sets by Bio-Signal Ring

Jain¹

2018

RDMS

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Air pollution has become a growing problem in megacities and large urban areas throughout the globe, and transportation is recognized as the major source of air pollution in many cities, especially in developing countries. Contribution of automobiles is reported in the range of 40 to 80% of the total air pollution. The challenge facing megacities is how to reduce the adverse environmental impacts and other negative effects of transportation without giving up the benefits of mobility. This research paper includes the testing of bio-signal ring developed by Wellan International Limited for reduction of pollution levels in petrol and diesel vehicles and generator sets. The ring when attached to the inlet of the fuel pipe acts on the fuel through bio-signals. The bio-signals help in atomization of the fuel and reduce the pollutants by further enhancing the combustion process, and thus reducing the un-burnt pollutant particles from the exhaust. The ring was tested on diesel engines, petrol engines and generator sets. For diesel engine and generator set, reduction in smoke was measured, while in the petrol engine parameters such as CO, CO 2 , SO x and NO x were measured before and after attaching the ring. The percentage reduction of the pollutants obtained from the ring for the diesel engine is about 16.4%, and in petrol engine, significant reduction in the pollutants is observed. The average reduction in the opacity of the diesel generator set exhaust was 54.7%. Therefore, it is evident that the device can effectively control the issue of rising air pollution levels in residential, commercial as well as industrial zones.

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Variation in Parameters of Ambient Air Quality in National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi (India)

Cited by 13 publications

References 11 publications

Aerosol effective density measurement using scanning mobility particle sizer and quartz crystal microbalance with the estimation of involved uncertainty

Aerosol effective density measurement using scanning mobility particle sizer and quartz crystal microbalance with the estimation of involved uncertainty

Aerosol effective density measurement using scanning mobility particle sizer and quartz crystal microbalance with the estimation of involved uncertainty

Study for Reduction of Pollution Level in Diesel Engines, Petrol Engines and Generator Sets by Bio-Signal Ring

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