Variation in protein degradability in dried forage legumes

Julier, Bernadette; Guines, F.; Émile, J. C.; Huyghe, C.

doi:10.1051/animres:2003029

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…L.), big trefoil ( Lotus pedunculatus L. also known as Lotus major L. and Lotus uliginosus L.) and sulla ( Hedysarium coronarium L.) but similar to white clover ( Trifolium repens L.; also known as ladino clover), red clover ( Trifolium pratense . L) and wheat pasture forage ( Triticum aestivum ) [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. The main portion of forage proteins is located in leaf mesophyll cells.…”

Section: Mechanisms For the Release Of Protein From Model Alfalfamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Proanthocyanidins Complex in Structure and Nutrition Interaction in Alfalfa Forage

Jonker¹,

Yu²

2016

IJMS

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Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is one of the main forages grown in the world. Alfalfa is a winter hardy, drought tolerant, N-fixing legume with a good longevity, high yield, high nutrient levels, high digestibility, unique structural to non-structural components ratio, high dry matter intake, and high animal productivity per hectare. However, its main limitation is its excessively rapid initial rate of protein degradation in the rumen, which results in pasture bloat and inefficient use of protein with consequent excessive excretions of nitrogen into the environment. Proanthocyanidins are secondary plant metabolites that can bind with protein and thereby reduce the rate and extent of ruminal protein degradation. However, these secondary metabolites do not accumulate in alfalfa. This review aims to firstly describe the events involved in the rapid release of protein from alfalfa and its effect on ruminant nutrition, environmental pollution, and pasture bloat; secondly, to describe occurrence, structure, functions and benefits of moderate amounts of proanthocyanidin; and finally, to describe the development of alfalfa which accumulates moderate amounts of proanthocyanidins. The emphasis of this review focuses on the role of proanthocyanidins compounds in structure and nutrition interaction in ruminant livestock systems.

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Section: Mechanisms For the Release Of Protein From Model Alfalfamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Proanthocyanidins Complex in Structure and Nutrition Interaction in Alfalfa Forage

Jonker¹,

Yu²

2016

IJMS

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“…Forage legumes are an important protein source for ruminant nutrition. However, the proteins in legume forage are degraded into amino acids and ammonia in the rumen (Julier et al ., ) by the action of rumen microorganism proteases and plant proteases contained within ingested forage (Kingston‐Smith and Thomas, ). This protein degradation and the resulting imbalance between carbohydrate and protein supply leads to lower N‐use efficiency by ruminants (Broderick, ) and increased risk of N losses to the wider environment (Tamminga, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in the crude protein fractions of lucerne leaves and stems under different stand structures

Hakl

Fuksa

Konečná

et al. 2015

Grass and Forage Science

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Protein degradability in forage legumes is of global importance because utilization efficiency of forage has economic and environmental consequences. However, there are no published studies on the effect of legume stand structure on differences in crude protein (CP) fractions. The main objective of the present research was therefore to investigate differences in CP fractions in leaves and stems of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) during the growing season. Stand traits were measured over 2 years, and forage was sampled at the early bud and early flower stages in the first, second and third cuts. Stems had significantly higher concentrations (in g kg−1 CP) of non‐protein (fraction A: 430 g kg−1 CP) and indigestible nitrogen (fraction C: 92 g kg−1 CP) than leaves and had lower relative content of true protein (fraction B: 478 g kg−1 CP). In the total forage (stems and leaves combined), about 80% of the variation in CP fractions was explained by year, cut and maturity. Year was the most important factor, particularly for the B fractions. Cut was the second‐most important factor; its main effect was that the relative abundance of fraction A declined from 394 g kg−1 CP in the first cut to 293 in g kg−1 CP the third cut. Maturity increased the amounts of indigestible fraction C and protein fractions B1 and B3. This was associated with the leaf weight ratio, which had an inverse relationship with maximal stem length and dry matter yield. Variation partitioning showed that 75% of CP fraction variability associated with cut, maturity and year could be explained by the evaluated stand traits. This research has highlighted the need to consider plant morphological traits when legume CP fractions are evaluated.

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“…In this context, legume species containing secondary plant compounds, which reduce the protein degradability, are of particular relevance. The protein of tannin-containing species, such as birdsfoot trefoil ( Lotus corniculatus L.), show lower ruminal degradability compared to the tannin-free alfalfa (Broderick & Albrecht 1997; Julier et al 2003). In contrast, red clover has only low levels of condensed tannins (Jackson et al 1996; Grabber 2009), but the protein degradation rate of red clover is also less than that of alfalfa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in crude protein fractions of forage legumes during the spring growth and summer regrowth period

et al. 2012

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Only a few previous studies have analysed the crude protein (CP) fractions of the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System during the growth period of forage legumes. The objective of the present study was to investigate the changes in CP fractions during the spring growth and summer-autumn regrowth period of five forage legume species (alfalfa (also known as lucerne, Medicago sativa L.), birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum M.B.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.)) grown in binary mixtures with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and also in pure stands (two red clover cultivars). Additionally, the specific polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity was measured photometrically in the leaves of pure red clover swards. In both pure and mixed cropping, CP fraction A increased with advancing maturity, except for the legumes from mixed cropping in the summer-autumn growth period 2004 and 2005. The variation of CP fraction A was mostly positively related to the N yield and the amount of dinitrogen fixation. Although CP fraction A of pure red clover was negatively correlated with the specific PPO activity in the spring growth period, the specific PPO activity was less relevant for the variation of CP fraction A with respect to the whole growing season. CP fraction B generally made up the largest proportion of the CP. Pure red clover stands showed reducing amounts of CP fraction C during the growth period, whereas in legumes grown with ryegrass an increase was usually observed. Despite these differences, there was generally an increase of CP fraction C when the content of nonstructural carbohydrates decreased. Red clover and birdsfoot trefoil herbage contained the highest proportions of CP fraction C in the CP, regardless of growth period and year. In conclusion, red clover and birdsfoot trefoil had a more favourable CP composition for ruminant nutrition compared to the other legume species, and in red clover this could not be clearly attributed to the specific PPO activity.

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Variation in protein degradability in dried forage legumes

Cited by 19 publications

References 36 publications

The Role of Proanthocyanidins Complex in Structure and Nutrition Interaction in Alfalfa Forage

The Role of Proanthocyanidins Complex in Structure and Nutrition Interaction in Alfalfa Forage

Differences in the crude protein fractions of lucerne leaves and stems under different stand structures

Changes in crude protein fractions of forage legumes during the spring growth and summer regrowth period

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