Variation in Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici detected on wheat and triticale in South Africa from 2009 to 2013

Terefe, T.; Visser, B.; Pretorius, Z. A.

doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2016.04.006

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…37 Despite being less virulent compared to the more recently detected Ug99 races, TTKSF remains the dominant variant. 8,31,32,38 Stem rust races TTKSF (2009), TTKSF+ (2010) and PTKST (2010) were also identified in samples collected in Zimbabwe and PTKST was confirmed in Mozambique. 15,21 Seedling infection types produced on the World and European differential sets 39,40 , followed by an A+ or A-suffix to describe virulence or avirulence for the YrA gene in Avocet R 41 , are used for Pst race designations in South Africa.…”

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confidence: 90%

“…Additional differentials include Barleta Benvenuto (Sr8b), the triticales Coorong (Sr27), Kiewiet (SrKw) and Satu (SrSatu), and either LcSrWst-2Wst (Sr9h) or Matlabas (Sr9h). 32 New races are further characterised on an extended set of tester lines. 33 Although differential lines grown in the field can provide an indication of prevailing Pgt races, Boshoff et al 34 showed that certain resistance genes are not well expressed in adult plants whereas other lines contain resistance in addition to that observed in seedling assays.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…15 Stem rust race 2SA106 (TTKSP North American race code) detected in 2007, 2SA107 (PTKST, 2009), 2SA88+ (TTKSF+, 2010) and 2SA42 (PTKSK, 2017) all show phenotypic similarities to race 2SA88 (TTKSF, 2000), which was the first stem rust race in the Ug99 lineage detected in South Africa. 12,13,18,21,32,35 These races are phenotypically characterised by differences in virulence for Sr9h, Sr21, Sr24 and Sr31. 13,32 Sr24 and Sr31 have been reported to occur in South African wheat germplasm 36 and virulence was not unexpected.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…12,13,18,21,32,35 These races are phenotypically characterised by differences in virulence for Sr9h, Sr21, Sr24 and Sr31. 13,32 Sr24 and Sr31 have been reported to occur in South African wheat germplasm 36 and virulence was not unexpected. Likewise, the virulence adaptation of TTKSF+ was recently confirmed by the endorsement of Sr9h in the wheat cultivar Matlabas.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Accomplishments in wheat rust research in South Africa

Pretorius

Prins

Wessels³

et al. 2020

S. Afr. J. Sci.

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Rust diseases, although seasonal, have been severe constraints in wheat production in South Africa for almost 300 years. Rust research gained momentum with the institution of annual surveys in the 1980s, followed by race identification, an understanding of rust epidemiology, and eventually a focused collaboration amongst pathologists, breeders and geneticists. Diversity in South African populations of Puccinia triticina, P. graminis f. sp. tritici and P. striiformis f. sp. tritici has been described and isolates are available to accurately phenotype wheat germplasm and study pathogen populations at national, regional and global levels. Sources of resistance have been, and still are, methodically analysed and molecular marker systems were developed to incorporate, stack and verify complex resistance gene combinations in breeding lines and cultivars. Vigilance, capacity, new technologies, collaboration and sustained funding are critical for maintaining and improving the current research impetus for future management of these important diseases.

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Accomplishments in wheat rust research in South Africa

Pretorius

Prins

Wessels³

et al. 2020

S. Afr. J. Sci.

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“…Browder (1971) developed a system to collect spores by means of a cyclone collector into a gelatin capsule (size 00) which could be directly transferred, after adding carrier oil, to an atomizer (also referred to as an inoculator). Although the design of atomizers used may differ, cereal rust facilities such as the University of Minnesota, ARS-USDA Cereal Disease Laboratory, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, CIMMYT, and laboratories in Australia and South Africa (Kolmer et al, 2011; Fetch et al, 2015; Pretorius et al, 2015; Terefe et al, 2016; Elmansour et al, 2017; Lan et al, 2017; Steffenson et al, 2017) have all reported the application of spores suspended in light mineral oil. If a supply of clean collectors and inoculators and a flushable inoculation booth are available, many isolates can be handled with ease.…”

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confidence: 99%

Additive Manufacturing of Devices Used for Collection and Application of Cereal Rust Urediniospores

et al. 2019

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Optimized inoculation procedures are an important consideration in achieving repeatable plant infection when working with biotrophic rust fungi. Several plant pathology laboratories specializing in rust research employ a system where the collection and application of fungal spores are accomplished using an exchangeable gelatin capsule. Urediniospores are collected from erumpent pustules on plant surfaces into a capsule fitted to a cyclone collector controlled by a vacuum pump. By adding light mineral oil to the same capsule, the spore suspension is then sprayed onto plants by means of a dedicated atomizer (inoculator) connected to an air pressure source. Although devices are not commercially available, modern day technologies provide an opportunity to efficiently design and manufacture collectors and inoculators. Using a process called Additive Manufacturing (AM), also known as “3D printing,” the bodies of a collector and inoculator were digitally designed and then laser-sintered in nylon. Depending on availability, copper or aluminum tubes were fitted to the bodies of both devices afterward to either facilitate directed collection of spores from rust pustules on plant surfaces or act as a siphon tube to deliver the spore suspension contained in the capsule. No statistical differences were found between AM and metal inoculators for spray delivery time or spore deposition per unit area. In replicated collection and inoculation tests of wheat seedlings with urediniospore bulks or single pustule collections of Puccinia triticina and P. graminis f. sp. tritici , the causal organisms of leaf rust and stem rust, consistent and satisfactory infection levels were achieved. Immersing used devices in acetone for 60 s followed by a 2 h heat treatment at 75°C produced no contaminant infection in follow-up tests.

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Identification of Sr67, a new gene for stem rust resistance in KU168-2 located close to the Sr13 locus in wheat

Sharma,

Che,

Fetch

et al. 2024

Theor Appl Genet

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Key message Sr67 is a new stem rust resistance gene that represents a new resource for breeding stem rust resistant wheat cultivars Abstract Re-appearance of stem rust disease, caused by the fungal pathogen Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt), in different parts of Europe emphasized the need to develop wheat varieties with effective resistance to local Pgt populations and exotic threats. A Kyoto University wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) accession KU168-2 was reported to carry good resistance to leaf and stem rust. To identify the genomic region associated with the KU168-2 stem rust resistance, a genetic study was conducted using a doubled haploid (DH) population from the cross RL6071 × KU168-2. The DH population was phenotyped with three Pgt races (TTKSK, TPMKC, and QTHSF) and genotyped using the Illumina 90 K wheat SNP array. Linkage mapping showed the resistance to all three Pgt races was conferred by a single stem rust resistance (Sr) gene on chromosome arm 6AL, associated with Sr13. Presently, four Sr13 resistance alleles have been reported. Sr13 allele-specific KASP and STARP markers, and sequencing markers all showed null alleles in KU168-2. KU168-2 showed a unique combination of seedling infection types for five Pgt races (TTKSK, QTHSF, RCRSF, TMRTF, and TPMKC) compared to Sr13 alleles. The phenotypic uniqueness of the stem rust resistance gene in KU168-2 and null alleles for Sr13 allele-specific markers showed the resistance was conferred by a new gene, designated Sr67. Since Sr13 is less effective in hexaploid background, Sr67 will be a good source of stem rust resistance in bread wheat breeding programs.

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Variation in Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici detected on wheat and triticale in South Africa from 2009 to 2013

Cited by 23 publications

References 28 publications

Accomplishments in wheat rust research in South Africa

Accomplishments in wheat rust research in South Africa

Additive Manufacturing of Devices Used for Collection and Application of Cereal Rust Urediniospores

Identification of Sr67, a new gene for stem rust resistance in KU168-2 located close to the Sr13 locus in wheat

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