Variation in resistance to oxidative stress in Oregon-(R)R-flare and Canton-S strains of Drosophila melanogaster

Abstract

All aerobic organisms are susceptible to damage by reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS-induced damage has been associated with aging and diseases such as metabolic syndrome and cancer. However, not all organisms develop these diseases, nor do they age at the same rate; this is partially due to resistance to oxidative stress, a quantitative trait attributable to the interaction of factors including genetics and environmental. Drosophila melanogaster represents an ideal system to study how genetic variation can affect resistance to oxidative stress. In this work, oxidative stress (total and mitochondrial ROS), antioxidant response, and Cap 'n' collar isoform C and Spineless gene expression, one pesticide resistant (Oregon R(R)-flare) and wild-type (Canton-S) strains of D. melanogaster, were analyzed to test resistance to basal oxidative stress. ROS, catalase, and superoxide dismutase were determined by flow cytometry, and Cap 'n' collar isoform C and Spineless expression by qRT-PCR. The intensity of oxidative stress due to the pro-oxidant zearalenone in both was evaluated by flow cytometry. Data confirm expected differences in oxidative stress between strains that differ in Cyp450s levels. The Oregon (R)R-flare showed greater ROS, total and mitochondrial, compared to Canton-S. Regarding oxidative stress genes expression Cap 'n' collar isoform C and Spineless (Ss), Oregon R(R)-flare strain showed higher expression. In terms of response to zearalenone mycotoxin, Canton-S showed higher ROS concentration. Our data show variation in the resistance to oxidative stress among these strains of D. melanogaster.

Zearalenone Does Not Show Genotoxic Effects in the Drosophila melanogaster Wing Spot Test, but It Induces Oxidative Imbalance, Development, and Fecundity Alterations

“…Our results indicated that, even under control conditions, the genetic background of Oregon R(R)-flare included the overexpression of hsp70 (4.9-fold higher than in the flare strain under similar conditions), hid (3.74), reaper (2.81) and Dmp53 (1.37). The levels of Cyp6g1 and Cyp6a2 , which had been previously shown [ 25 , 39 ] were confirmed to be 10.3- and 3-fold higher, respectively ( Figure 6 ).…”

“…D. melanogaster possesses a steroid dehydrogenase [ 23 ] that can reduce ZEN to α-ZOL or β-ZOL metabolites, and the Cyp1a2 and Cyp6g1 genes, homologs to human Cyp1A2 and Cyp3A4 genes, respectively, that yield OH-ZEN [ 24 ]. Since the Oregon R(R)-flare strain showed high levels of Cyp450 s [ 20 ] and a more efficient XM [ 25 ], a lower mortality (20% vs. 23%) was induced by ZEN (260 µM), in contrast with the flare strain, which had inducible Cyp 450s levels that could account for the polynomial curves observed in the mortality rates at different concentrations ( Figure 1 ).…”

“…However, the activity of the apoptotic caspase-activated DNase (CAD) is necessary [ 36 ]. Therefore, our ROS quantification results could provide evidence of oxidative cellular stress caused by ZEN metabolism, which, in turn, could induce apoptosis, especially in the flare strain, which lacks efficient detoxification Phase I and II XM, compared to the Oregon R(R)-flare strain [ 25 , 41 ]. We believe this assumption could be associated with the alteration of cell division in the imaginal disc cells, observed in the SMART wing test, as evidenced by the mwh clone size cytotoxic results.…”

Complex interactions between nicotine and resveratrol in the Drosophila melanogaster wing spot test

“…There was more significant alteration in the ST cross than in the HB cross. If this was due to oxidative damage, this would explain why there was less damage in the HB cross, which has elevated levels of expression of XM phase I and II genes and antioxidant enzymes [ 56 , 78 , 83 ].…”

Drosophila as a toolkit to tackle cancer and its metabolism

“…In addition, MitoSOX is used to distinguish the sources of ROS as a modified version of DHE with a mitochondrion-targeting group to observe ROS that mitochondria generate ( 156 , 158 ). Another widely used fluorogenic probe for oxidative stress in mammals is 2′,7′-Dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA) probe, which also proved efficient in flies ( 153 , 155 , 159 , 160 ). Furthermore, as a useful genetic tool in flies, the reporter gene GstD can easily quantify intracellular ROS levels.…”