Variation in shade tolerance of Douglas fir, western hemlock, and western red cedar in coastal British Columbia

Carter, R.E.; Klinka, Karel

doi:10.1016/0378-1127(92)90094-p

Cited by 125 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…2) what matches results of Lüpke and Hauskeller-Bullerjahn (2004) with European beech and sessile oak saplings. Also, it corroborates the hypothesis that Douglas fir requires less light under good soil moisture supply to reach a given growth value (Atzet and Waring 1970;Marshall 1986) and contradicts the finding of Carter and Klinka (1992) stating the opposite. In addition, greenhouse studies have shown that the ability of tree seedlings to respond to increased soil resources diminish with decreasing light level (Canham et al 1996;Walters and Reich 2000).…”

Section: Growth and Biomass Partitioning Response To Trenchingsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Further, an interaction between light level and soil moisture appears to influence the minimum requirements for light energy of a species (Atzet and Waring 1970). Whereas Carter and Klinka (1992) reported that on drier soils a lower light level is needed to reach a given growth compared to moist soils, more studies (Atzet and Waring 1970;Marshall 1986;Lüpke and Hauskeller-Bullerjahn 2004) supported the opposite, namely a decreasing light requirement with increasing soil moisture availability.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effects of root trenching of overstorey Norway spruce (Picea abies) on growth and biomass of underplanted beech (Fagus sylvatica) and Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) saplings

2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In Central Europe, the conversion of pure Norway spruce stands (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) into mixed stands with beech (Fagus silvatica L.) and other species like e.g. Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) is accomplished mainly by underplanting of seedlings beneath the canopy of overstorey spruce trees after partial cutting treatments what means exposure to shade and below-ground root competition by the overstorey to the seedlings. Particularly about the second factor, our knowledge is limited. Therefore, we carried out a belowground competition exclusion experiment by root trenching and investigated the effects on soil resources, growth, and biomass partitioning of underplanted beech and Douglas fir saplings under target diameter and strip cutting treatments. The exclusion of overstorey root competition by trenching increased the soil water potential in the second year that had a fairly dry growing season and led to significantly higher foliar concentrations of most nutrients, particularly in Douglas fir, indicating an amended nutrient supply. Both improvements were accompanied by an increase in length and diameter increment of the underplanted saplings, appearing in both species only after having surpassed a species-specific threshold light value (Douglas fir 16% of above canopy radiation, beech 22%). We also found significant interactions between trenching and light for specific fine root length and further biomass and morphological parameters. Judged by the much steeper increase in height and diameter growth with increasing light after release from below-ground competition, Douglas fir saplings appeared to be more sensitive to root competition than beech saplings what conforms to older findings for beech. According to our results, a strip cutting seems to be more appropriate than a target diameter cutting treatment to replace a pure spruce stand by a mixed stand with beech and Douglas fir.

show abstract

Section: Growth and Biomass Partitioning Response To Trenchingsupporting

confidence: 77%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of root trenching of overstorey Norway spruce (Picea abies) on growth and biomass of underplanted beech (Fagus sylvatica) and Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) saplings

2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Exploiting differences in microenvironments to improve regeneration requires knowledge of conditions that are preferred by different species. Our understanding of the relative tolerances of British Columbia's main conifer species to light, soil moisture and soil nutrient availability is based on a combination of field observations (Klinka et al 2000) and numerous studies that have examined responses of naturally regenerated seedlings to microsite conditions (Carter and Klinka 1992, Klinka et al 1992, Wright et al 1998, Williams et al 1999, Drever and Lertzman 2001. Desirable field conditions for planted seedlings have been studied under a range of conditions in wetter ecological zones (e.g., Coates and Burton 1999, Huggard and Vyse 2003, Mitchell et al 2004, Delong et al 2005), but only in open, clearcut environments in the dry IDF zone (Fleming et al 1998, Newsome 1998, Heineman et al 2003, with the exception of Daintith et al (1993) who reported on Douglas-fir planted under a canopy of lodgepole pine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth of Douglas-fir, lodgepole pine, and ponderosa pine seedlings underplanted in a partially-cut, dry Douglas-fir stand in south-central British Columbia

Vyse¹,

Ferguson²,

Simard³

et al. 2006

The Forestry Chronicle

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The effects of partial cutting on seedling growth of three conifer species were studied at a very dry, hot interior Douglasfir site near Kamloops, British Columbia. Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco), lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.), and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex. P. & C. Laws.) seedlings were planted in mechanically prepared 50 cm ϫ 50 cm patches under different canopy conditions created by harvesting 60% of the original stand volume. The prepared areas were selected to represent canopy closures from open to closed, slopes from 0 to 60%, and all aspects. After six years, survival of Douglas-fir, lodgepole pine and ponderosa pine was 78%, 76% and 70%, respectively. Light level had a strong influence on survival and condition. Growth of all species increased linearly with light, and was greatest for lodgepole pine, followed by ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir. Multiple regression analysis showed that six-year seedling size was most significantly affected by total light, and only occasionally by aspect, slope, or crown closure. The best models explained 53%, 47% and 42% of the variation in diameter of lodgepole pine, ponderosa pine, and Douglas-fir, respectively. Natural abundance 13 C was positively correlated with light and soil moisture availability, reflecting higher photosynthetic capacity of all species in the wetter, open canopy conditions. Patterns in isotopic discrimination also indicated greater water use efficiency of Douglas-fir and ponderosa pine than lodgepole pine under low light conditions. Underplanting stands thinned to a basal area of less than 15m 2 per ha offers a solution to regeneration difficulties on hot, dry Interior Douglas-fir sites.Key words: partial cutting, Douglas-fir, lodgepole pine, ponderosa pine, light, soil moisture, 13 C, growth, survival, Opax Mountain Silvicultural Systems Project RÉSUMÉLes effets d'une coupe partielle sur la croissance des semis de trois espèces de conifères ont été étudiés sur une station de sapin Douglas très sèche et chaude de l'Intérieur près de Kamloops en Colombie-Britannique. Des semis de sapin Douglas (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco), de pin lodgepole (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.)et de pin ponderosa (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex. P. & C. Laws.) ont été plantés dans des parcelles préparées mécaniquement de 50 cm ϫ 50 cm sous différentes conditions de couvert forestier créées par la récolte de 60 % du volume initial du peuplement. Les parcelles préparées ont été choisies dans le but de représenter le niveau de fermeture du couvert forestier allant d'ouvert à fermé, sur des pentes de 0 à 60 % selon tous ces aspects. Après six ans, la survie des semis de sapin Douglas, de pin lodgepole et de pin ponderosa était respectivement de 78 %, 76 % et de 70 %. Le niveau de luminosité a eu une influence déterminante sur la survie et l'état des semis. La croissance de toutes les espèces a augmenté linéairement en fonction de la lumi...

show abstract

“…Don.) (Carter and Klinka 1992). A more detailed understanding of species response to different light levels can help develop appropriate silvicultural prescriptions for fostering varied forest structures with a range of species (Coates and Burton 1997) and can be linked to other decision support tools to allow exploration of the impact of different stand management regimes (Hale et al 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival and early seedling growth of conifers with different shade tolerance in a Sitka spruce spacing trial and relationship to understorey light climate

Mason¹,

Edwards²,

Hale³

2004

Silva Fenn.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Alternative silvicultural systems to clearfelling are being adopted in Great Britain as a means of increasing the species and structural diversity of conifer plantation forests. One area where knowledge is lacking is the critical level of below-canopy light for survival and growth of young seedlings. This was investigated by planting seedlings of European larch Larix decidua (Mill.), Scots pine Pinus sylvestris L., Sitka spruce Picea sitchensis (Bong.(Carr.)), Douglas fir Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.(Franco.)), and western hemlock Tsuga heterophylla (Raf. (Sarg.)) in a Sitka spruce plantation thinned to 3 different spacings. The incident light intensity beneath the canopy ranged from about 2 to over 60 per cent of full light. Planting in an adjoining open area provided an indication of growth under full light. Growth and survival of these seedlings were followed for 4 growing seasons. The highest seedling survival was found under the widest spacing and declined with closer spacing and lower light intensity. Only Douglas fir and western hemlock seedlings survived at the closest spacing, and in low percentages. The tallest seedlings of each species were found in the open grown conditions but survival was variable due to increased weed competition. Species-specific growth responses showed little difference under high light conditions but performance at low light was generally consistent with shade tolerance rankings in the literature except that Sitka spruce shade tolerance was slightly lower than expected. Minimum light requirements for these species increased from 10 to 30 per cent of full light with decreasing shade tolerance. Other studies of incident light in Sitka spruce plantations indicated that target basal areas in the range 25-30 m 2 ha -1 are required if these light conditions are to be met, which suggests an irregular shelterwood system with frequent interventions should be favoured.

show abstract

Variation in shade tolerance of Douglas fir, western hemlock, and western red cedar in coastal British Columbia

Cited by 125 publications

References 9 publications

Effects of root trenching of overstorey Norway spruce (Picea abies) on growth and biomass of underplanted beech (Fagus sylvatica) and Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) saplings

Effects of root trenching of overstorey Norway spruce (Picea abies) on growth and biomass of underplanted beech (Fagus sylvatica) and Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) saplings

Growth of Douglas-fir, lodgepole pine, and ponderosa pine seedlings underplanted in a partially-cut, dry Douglas-fir stand in south-central British Columbia

Survival and early seedling growth of conifers with different shade tolerance in a Sitka spruce spacing trial and relationship to understorey light climate

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About