Variation in sleep and metabolic function is associated with latitude and average temperature in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>

Brown, Elizabeth; Torres, Joshua; Bennick, Ryan A.; Rozzo, Valerie; Kerbs, Arianna; DiAngelo, Justin R.; Keene, Alex C.

doi:10.1002/ece3.3963

Cited by 26 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Multiple studies have found that increased sleep duration is associated with proximity to the equator, suggesting that flies from warmer climates with reduced seasonal variation in temperature sleep longer than flies from northern latitude clines ( Fig. 2A; Svetec et al, 2015;Brown et al, 2018). A transcriptome comparison between flies from high and low latitudes revealed enrichment of differentially expressed genes related to circadian clock function (Svetec et al, 2015).…”

Section: Natural Variation In Sleep Regulationmentioning

confidence: 93%

The origins and evolution of sleep

Keene

Duboué

2018

Journal of Experimental Biology

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143

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Sleep is nearly ubiquitous throughout the animal kingdom, yet little is known about how ecological factors or perturbations to the environment shape the duration and timing of sleep. In diverse animal taxa, poor sleep negatively impacts development, cognitive abilities and longevity. In addition to mammals, sleep has been characterized in genetic model organisms, ranging from the nematode worm to zebrafish, and, more recently, in emergent models with simplified nervous systems such as and jellyfish. In addition, evolutionary models ranging from fruit flies to cavefish have leveraged natural genetic variation to investigate the relationship between ecology and sleep. Here, we describe the contributions of classical and emergent genetic model systems to investigate mechanisms underlying sleep regulation. These studies highlight fundamental interactions between sleep and sensory processing, as well as a remarkable plasticity of sleep in response to environmental changes. Understanding how sleep varies throughout the animal kingdom will provide critical insight into fundamental functions and conserved genetic mechanisms underlying sleep regulation. Furthermore, identification of naturally occurring genetic variation regulating sleep may provide novel drug targets and approaches to treat sleep-related diseases.

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Section: Natural Variation In Sleep Regulationmentioning

confidence: 93%

The origins and evolution of sleep

Keene

Duboué

2018

Journal of Experimental Biology

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143

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“…https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1008270.g001 Sleep duration and resistance to starvation are sexually dimorphic and vary based on genetic background [29][30][31][32]. To determine whether the starvation-dependent changes in sleep depth are generalizable across sexes, we measured arousal threshold in starved male control (w 1118 ) flies.…”

Section: Fig 1 Homeostatic Rebound Following Sleep Deprivation Is Trmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drosophila insulin-like peptide 2 mediates dietary regulation of sleep intensity

Brown

Shah

Faville³

et al. 2020

PLoS Genet

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Sleep is a nearly universal behavior that is regulated by diverse environmental stimuli and physiological states. A defining feature of sleep is a homeostatic rebound following deprivation, where animals compensate for lost sleep by increasing sleep duration and/or sleep depth. The fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, exhibits robust recovery sleep following deprivation and represents a powerful model to study neural circuits regulating sleep homeostasis. Numerous neuronal populations have been identified in modulating sleep homeostasis as well as depth, raising the possibility that the duration and quality of recovery sleep is dependent on the environmental or physiological processes that induce sleep deprivation. Here, we find that unlike most pharmacological and environmental manipulations commonly used to restrict sleep, starvation potently induces sleep loss without a subsequent rebound in sleep duration or depth. Both starvation and a sucrose-only diet result in increased sleep depth, suggesting that dietary protein is essential for normal sleep depth and homeostasis. Finally, we find that Drosophila insulin like peptide 2 (Dilp2) is acutely required for starvation-induced changes in sleep depth without regulating the duration of sleep. Flies lacking Dilp2 exhibit a compensatory sleep rebound following starvation-induced sleep deprivation, suggesting Dilp2 promotes resiliency to sleep loss. Together, these findings reveal innate resilience to starvation-induced sleep loss and identify distinct mechanisms that underlie starvation-induced changes in sleep duration and depth.

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“…Previous studies have found that starvation induces wakefulness and hyperactivity, suggesting flies forgo sleep in order to forage . This phenotype occurs across diverse D. melanogaster laboratory strains and outbred lines, suggesting it is not an artifact of laboratory breeding. It is possible that loss of sleep during starvation is due to flies failing to meet a caloric threshold, and the caloric value of fatty acids promotes sleep.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Dietary fatty acids promote sleep through a taste‐independent mechanism

Pamboro

Brown

Keene

2020

Genes Brain and Behavior

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Consumption of foods that are high in fat contribute to obesity and metabolism‐related disorders. Dietary lipids are comprised of triglycerides and fatty acids, and the highly palatable taste of dietary fatty acids promotes food consumption, activates reward centers in mammals and underlies hedonic feeding. Despite the central role of dietary fats in the regulation of food intake and the etiology of metabolic diseases, little is known about how fat consumption regulates sleep. The fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, provides a powerful model system for the study of sleep and metabolic traits, and flies potently regulate sleep in accordance with food availability. To investigate the effects of dietary fats on sleep regulation, we have supplemented fatty acids into the diet of Drosophila and measured their effects on sleep and activity. We found that flies fed a diet of hexanoic acid, a medium‐chain fatty acid that is a by‐product of yeast fermentation, slept more than flies starved on an agar diet. To assess whether dietary fatty acids regulate sleep through the taste system, we assessed sleep in flies with a mutation in the hexanoic acid receptor Ionotropic receptor 56D, which is required for fatty acid taste perception. We found that these flies also sleep more than agar‐fed flies when fed a hexanoic acid diet, suggesting the sleep promoting effect of hexanoic acid is not dependent on sensory perception. Taken together, these findings provide a platform to investigate the molecular and neural basis for fatty acid‐dependent modulation of sleep.

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Variation in sleep and metabolic function is associated with latitude and average temperature in Drosophila melanogaster

Cited by 26 publications

References 73 publications

The origins and evolution of sleep

The origins and evolution of sleep

Drosophila insulin-like peptide 2 mediates dietary regulation of sleep intensity

Dietary fatty acids promote sleep through a taste‐independent mechanism

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