VARIATION IN THE ADULT AND IMMATURE STAGES OF <i>NYSIUS HUTTONI</i> WHITE (HETEROPTERA: LYGAEIDAE) WITH A NOTE ON THE VALIDITY OF THE GENUS <i>BRACHYNYSIUS</i> USINGER

Eyles, A. C.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2311.1960.tb00494.x

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…This bug has three generations a year in the South Island of New Zealand (Wei 2008) and overwinters in the adult stage (Gurr 1957). In earlier studies (Gurr 1957;Eyles 1960), N. huttoni was observed to have five instars. However, in my studies on the effects of temperature and photoperiod on development, I noticed that some individuals had four and six nymphal instars, though over 90% had five nymphal instars (Wei 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Variation in the number of nymphal instars inNysius huttoniWhite (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae)

Wei

2010

New Zealand Journal of Zoology

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The number of nymphal instars of Nysius huttoni White was investigated at five constant temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30 and 3590.58C), one fluctuating (laboratory room conditions) temperature and three photoperiods (16-h, 12-h, and 8-h photophases) in the laboratory. Nymphs passed through four to six instars before they emerged as adults, individuals with five instars formed over 90% of the population, whereas those with four or six instars formed 4.2Á5.8 and 1.6Á2.9% respectively. Two nymphs were each recorded to pass through three and seven instars before emergence as adults. Both temperature and photoperiod affect the number of nymphal instars. Insects with four instars were more frequent at lower temperatures and those with six instars tended to be most frequent at higher temperatures. An 8-h short-day photoperiod resulted in more 4-and 6-instar types than other photoperiods. There was no obvious difference in the duration of nymphal stages of individuals with a maximum four, five, or six instars (P!0.05, t-test). This is the first report to show variation in the number of instars in a species of Lygaeidae. The results indicate a potential increase in survival of this adult-overwintering species, as more autumn generation nymphs in the field could reach the adult stage.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Variation in the number of nymphal instars inNysius huttoniWhite (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae)

Wei

2010

New Zealand Journal of Zoology

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“…Effect of temperature and photoperiod on wing forms It is of interest that Eyles (1960) rearing (from N. huttoni eggs) 5 nymphs per tube on Coronopus didymus in a greenhouse at Palmerston North under 'normal' temperatures (minimum 6.7Á13.98C, maximum 27.8Á34.48C) obtained 90 adults of which 17.8% were macropters, 67.8% sub-brachypters and 14.4% brachypters. There were twice as many macropterous males as females, but in the brachypters there were twice as many females as males.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Collections were made using a domestic vacuum cleaner from five 0.25 m 2 (0.5)0.5 m) quadrats randomly placed on the ground. Collected adults were examined under a binocular microscope and graded into three wing forms according to the criteria of Eyles (1960). These forms are: (1) Macropterous (M), in which the wings extend beyond the apex of the abdomen; (2) Sub-brachypterous (Sb), in which the posterior tips of the wings are level with, or scarcely exceed, the apex of the abdomen; and (3) Brachypterous (B), in which the posterior of the wings does not reach the posterior of the abdomen.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…huttoni has three generations per year in Canterbury (Wei 2008a). Both sexes of this species show wing polymorphism of macropters, sub-brachypters and brachypters (see 'Materials and methods' for definitions), and it appears to be unique amongst the Orsillidae in having three wing-forms in both sexes (Eyles 1960). However, there are few quantitative field data on the occurrence of these wing forms in N. huttoni.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there are few quantitative field data on the occurrence of these wing forms in N. huttoni. Although some environmental factors such as temperature, photoperiod, food quality and population density have been reported to be responsible for the determination of wing forms in many species (Harrison 1980), apart from Eyles (1960), little attention has been devoted to the factors affecting wing development in N. huttoni. The objectives of this study were (1) to survey the proportion of each wing form in a field population; (2) to survey the proportions of the wing form combinations among the mating pairs in a field population; and (3) to determine whether temperature and photoperiod affect wing polymorphism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wing polymorphism inNysius huttoniWhite (Hemiptera: Orsillidae)

Wei

2011

New Zealand Journal of Zoology

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Individuals of Nysius huttoni White, a ground-dwelling hemipteran, develop one of three wing forms. Field studies were carried out from 1995 to 1998 to investigate the proportion of each wing form; adult populations consisted of 94.1% macropters, 5.5% sub-brachypters and 0.4% brachypters. Paired mating adults were collected for two years in 1995Á1996 and 1996Á1997 to investigate which wing forms were mating with which, and the proportions of the wing form combinations among the mating pairs. Theoretically, there are nine possible mating combinations among three wing forms. However, only six mating combinations were found in the field. Four mating combinations, M)M, àM) ßSb, ßM ) àSb and Sb)Sb occurred in both years; and two mating combinations, ßM ) àB and ßSb ) àB were found only in 1996Á1997. The other three mating combinations, àM) ßB, àSb) ßB and B)B were not found in either year. M )M was the predominant mating combination with an average percentage of 81.2%. The effects of temperature and photoperiod on wing development of this species were investigated at five constant temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30 and 3590.58C), one ambient (laboratory room conditions) temperature and three photoperiods (16-h, 12-h, and 8-h of light) in the laboratory. The results indicate that both low and high temperatures, and short day-length at lower temperature, tend to accelerate the production of sub-brachypters and brachypters, while high temperature under long photoperiod appears to favour the production of macropters. This ability to produce macropters possibly benefits this bug by enabling rapid dispersal of adults during occasional very dry summers (which may kill preferred weedy hosts) to temporary alternative crop hosts in Canterbury and Central Otago.

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