Variation in the Dispersions of Powder Liquid Ratios in Hand-Mix Glass Ionomers

Mulder, Riaan

doi:10.2174/1745017901814010647

Cited by 9 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The result was that much of the GIC liquid during mixing became occupied for this purpose. The weight percentage of CH was taken at 10% of the manufacturer’s powder weight and the 10%CH was mixed with the liquid of the respective GICs, as per the manufacturers’ recommendations 14…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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<p>Ion release of chitosan and nanodiamond modified glass ionomer restorative cements</p>

Mulder¹,

Anderson-Small²

2019

CCIDE

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PurposeIon release from glass ionomer restorative cements (GICs) plays an important role in GICs. The ion release from chitosan and nanodiamond-modified glass ionomers was assessed.Materials and methodsThree GICs (Fuji IX, Ketac Universal and Riva Self Cure) were modified in the powder phase per weight by adding 5% or 10% of a commercially available chitosan powder (CH) or nanodiamond (ND) powder to the GICs. The specimens with dimensions 4 mm diameter and 6 mm height manufactured from the 15 GIC formulations were allowed to set for 1 hr and subsequently placed in neutral de-ionised water. The released ions were assessed using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) to determine the elemental release. Additionally, three different disc-shaped specimens (3 mm in diameter and 1 mm thick) were constructed from each material for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDS) microanalysis to establish an ion weight percentage.ResultsThere were no significant differences in the ion release between the control materials for aluminium, silicon and strontium. The ion release from CH and most ND-modified GICs were significantly (p<0.00001) increased compared to the control materials. CH modifications significantly increased the ion release of aluminium, sodium, silicon and strontium for all three control materials (with the exception of the strontium release from Ketac Universal that was modified with 5% chitosan).ConclusionIon release can be advantageous to tooth structure due to the interaction of chitosan with the GIC chemistry and moisture during maturation. Ion release up to five times greater than the control was noted for some ions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The powder/liquid ratio prescribed by the manufacturer was followed and confirmed on a desktop chemical scale (Metler AE240 analytical balance, Columbus, Ohio, USA) by first dispensing the powder followed by the liquid. This ensured that the manufacturer’s recommended powder/liquid ratio was maintained for all the GICs used in this study 14…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Ion release of chitosan and nanodiamond modified glass ionomer restorative cements</p>

Mulder¹,

Anderson-Small²

2019

CCIDE

Self Cite

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“…However, increasing PLR to 3:1 caused the decline in compressive strength. This could be due to the difficulty in mixing leading the inadequate acid-base neutralization, thus reducing polymer crosslinks 15) . Lowering PLR from 3:1 to 1:1 may accelerate acid-base neutralization reaction enhancing fluoride release.…”

Section: Compressive Strength and Modulus Of Elasticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PLR can be varied depending upon the desired clinical applications. Using high PLR usually increases viscosity and strength of GICs which may be suitable in loadbearing areas 15) . Rising PLR also promoted the rapid setting which may beneficial when the ideal moisture isolation or patient cooperation are difficult to obtain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of powder to liquid ratio on physical properties and fluoride release of glass ionomer cements containing pre-reacted spherical glass fillers

et al. 2020

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The aim was to assess the effect of powder to liquid ratio (PLR) on setting time, fluoride release, and compressive strength of conventional glass ionomer cements (GICs) containing pre-reacted spherical glass fillers (SPG). GICs were prepared by mixing SPG with Fuji IX Universal liquid using PLR of 1:1, 1.5:1, 2:1, 2.5:1, 3:1. Setting time decreased from 221 to 51 s upon rising PLR. Increasing PLR decreased cumulative fluoride release (33 to 13 ppm). Diffusion coefficient of fluoride of experimental GICs (1.6-1.8×10 −8 cm 2 /s) was comparable with that of Fuji IX Universal (1.6×10 −8 cm 2 /s). Compressive strength of PLR 2:1 to 3:1 (93-140 MPa) were comparable with that of Fuji IX Universal (124 MPa). These results demonstrated that rising powder ratio reduced setting time, fluoride release, and compressive strength of GICs. However, the setting time and strength experimental GICs with PLR greater than 2:1 were in the acceptable range of the ISO standard.

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“…Nevertheless, this GIC allow changing the powder-liquid ratio, making it more or less uid, according to the professional's preference. However, it is not recommended as this could impair the cement's mechanical properties 11 and jeopardize restoration longevity [12][13][14] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival rate of primary molar restorations is not influenced by hand mixed or encapsulated GIC: 24 months RCT

Oliveira

Camargo

Novaes

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Glass ionomer cements (GIC) have been considered the top option to restore primary teeth by dentists. The most common supply forms are hand-mixed and encapsulated GIC. There is a lack of information about the impact of different GIC supply forms on restoration survival. This randomized clinical trial compared the survival rate of occlusal and occlusoproximal restorations in primary molars using two of glass ionomer cements versions: hand-mixed (H/M) and encapsulated (ENC) after 24 months. Children aged 3-10 years who presented dentin caries lesions in primary molars were selected at School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Brazil. They were randomly assigned to groups: H /M (Fuji IX®, GC Europe) or ENC (Equia Fill®, GC Europe). The occurrence of restoration failure was evaluated by two blinded and calibrated examiners. The analyses were performed in Stata 13 (StataCorp, USA). To evaluate the primary outcome (restoration survival), we performed an intention to treat (ITT) analysis at 24 months of follow-up. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to verify the survival of the restorations while Cox Regression with shared frailty was performed to assess association between restoration failure and independent variables (α=5%). Results: A total of 324 restorations were performed in 145 children. The survival for H/M group was 58.2% and 60.1% for ENC, with no difference (p=0.738). Occlusoproximal restorations had lower survival rate when compared to occlusal ones (HR=3.83; p<0.001). Conclusions: The survival rate in primary molar is not influenced by the different supply forms of GIC This randomized clinical trial was registered on ClinicalTrials.Gov on 10/15/2014 under protocol (NCT 02274142).

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Variation in the Dispersions of Powder Liquid Ratios in Hand-Mix Glass Ionomers

Cited by 9 publications

References 13 publications

<p>Ion release of chitosan and nanodiamond modified glass ionomer restorative cements</p>

<p>Ion release of chitosan and nanodiamond modified glass ionomer restorative cements</p>

The effect of powder to liquid ratio on physical properties and fluoride release of glass ionomer cements containing pre-reacted spherical glass fillers

Survival rate of primary molar restorations is not influenced by hand mixed or encapsulated GIC: 24 months RCT

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