Variation in the essential oils ofThymbra spicataL. growing wild in Lebanon according to the date of harvest

VARIATION OF AGRONOMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND ESSENTIAL OIL COMPONENTS OF ZAHTER (Thymbra spicata L. var. spicata) POPULATIONS IN SEMI-ARID CLIMATIC CONDITIONS

“…Our results verify previous studies that major essential oil components of T. spicata were carvacrol, γ-terpinene and p-cymene (Kizil, 2013;Barakat et al, 2013;Ravid and Putievsky, 1985;Baydar et al, 2004;Unlu et al, 2009;Markovic et al, 2011). Tansi (1991) found that the main components of T. spicata oil were carvacrol ( 61.1558.12 %) at the flowering stage in Adana .…”

“…intricata. Barakat et al (2013) found that the main components of T. spicata oil in growing wild in Lebanon were carvacrol (16.1-62.9%), α-thujene (1.7-4.8%), myrcene (1.1-5.1%), γ-terpinene (11.4-24.1%) and p-cymene (8.1-46.8%). In other study, of the 33 compounds identified in T. spicata oil, the main components were p-cymene (22.1%), γ-terpinene (21.4%), carvacrol (21.1%) and thymol (11.8%) (Akgul et al, 1999).…”

Composition, and antioxidant and enzyme‐inhibition activities, of essential oils from Satureja thymbra and Thymbra spicata var. spicata

“…In the same Greek plant species, Markovic et al found a high concentration of carvacrol (74.5%), followed by moderate levels of the monoterpenic hydrocarbons γ ‐terpinene (8.12%) and p ‐cymene (5.62%), which are biosynthetically related. The essential oils from different origins were also characterized by a high carvacrol content (21.1–75.74%) and moderate levels of γ ‐terpinene (8.7–21.4%) and p ‐cymene (7.17º22.1%) . On the other hand, the literature indicates that wild populations of Turkish T. spicata var.…”

“…The essential oils from different origins were also characterized by a high carvacrol content (21.1-75.74%) and moderate levels of γ-terpinene (8.7-21.4%) and p-cymene (7.17º22.1%). [22][23][24][25][26][27][28] On the other hand, the literature indicates that wild populations of Turkish T. spicata var. spicata is represented by only one carvacrol-containing chemotype, as reported in this study.…”

Evaluation of Thymus vulgaris and Thymbra spicata essential oils and plant extracts for chemical composition, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties

“…Results of their study showed that γ‐terpinene decreased after flowering, while carvacrol increased. Similarly, Barakat, Wakim, Apostolides, Srour, and Beyrouthy () found differences in the content of the constituents of the essential oil of zahter from Lebanon obtained before, during, and after flowering. They also reported the highest p ‐ cymene content (8.1%–46.8%) in comparison with our study and other studies from Turkey.…”