Variation in the Eucalyptus gunnii-archeri Complex. III. Reciprocal Transplant Trials

Potts, BM

doi:10.1071/bt9850687

Cited by 22 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Reciprocal transplant experiments are extremely useful for identifying the ecological preferences of plants, and they have been used to assess the effects of varied environments on fitness for nearly sixty years (e.g., Clausen, Keck & Hiesey, 1940, 1948Bradshaw, 1960 ;Briggs, 1962 ;Barton, 1980 ;Antonovics & Primack, 1982 ;Potts, 1985 ;Helenurm, 1998). This experimental approach allows the comparison of fitness of taxa or adaptation of genotypes to a number of habitats, but it has been used infrequently in the study of hybrid zones.…”

Section: Habitat Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant hybridization

1998

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Summary 599 I. Introduction 599 II. Concepts and terminology 600 III. Historical background 600 IV. Studies of experimental hybrids 601 1. Isolating mechanisms 601 2. Prezygotic barriers 602 (a) Gametic barriers to hybridization 602 3. Postzygotic barriers 603 (a) Chromosomal rearrangements 604 (b) Genic sterility or inviability 604 4. Hybrid vigour 605 5. Introgression 606 6. Hybrid speciation 607 V. Experimental manipulations of natural hybrid populations 609 1. Hybrid‐zone formation 610 2. Pollinator‐mediated selection 610 3. Habitat selection 612 VI. The biology of different classes of hybrids 612 1. Character expression 613 (a) Morphological characters 613 (b) Chemical characters 613 (c) Molecular characters 613 2. The fitness of different classes of hybrids 614 (a) The importance of variance 614 (b) Estimating hybrid fitness 615 3. Interactions with parasites and herbivores 616 4. Patterns of mating 617 (a) Outcrossing rate 617 (b) Hybridization frequency 618 (c) Mate choice 618 VII. Conclusions and future research 619 Acknowledgements 620 References 620 Most studies of plant hybridization are concerned with documenting its occurrence in different plant groups. Although these descriptive, historical studies are important, the majority of recent advances in our understanding of the process of hybridization are derived from a growing body of experimental microevolutionary studies. Analyses of artificially synthesized hybrids in the laboratory or glasshouse have demonstrated the importance of gametic selection as a prezygotic isolating barrier; the complex genetic basis of hybrid sterility, inviability and breakdown; and the critical role of fertility selection in hybrid speciation. Experimental manipulations of natural hybrid zones have provided critical information that cannot be obtained in the glasshouse, such as the evolutionary conditions under which hybrid zones are formed and the effects of habitat and pollinator‐mediated selection on hybrid‐zone structure and dynamics. Experimental studies also have contributed to a better understanding of the biology of different classes of hybrids. Analyses of morphological character expression, for example, have revealed transgressive segregation in the majority of later‐generation hybrids. Other studies have documented a high degree of variability in fitness among different hybrid genotypes and the rapid response of such fitness to selection – evidence that hybridization need not be an evolutionary dead end. However, a full accounting of the role of hybridization in adaptive evolution and speciation will probably require the integration of experimental and historical approaches.

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Section: Habitat Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant hybridization

1998

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“…This variation could be due to differences in: the genetic composition of individuals, the size of the individuals, the micro site they occupied or their treatment during planting and tending. Considerable variation in the frost resistance of provenances and individuals within provenances has been noted in both E. gunnii (Potts 1985, Potts & Reid 1985a, 1985b) and E. nitens (Tibbits & Reid 1987, Tibbits & Hodge 2003, Hamilton & Potts 2008) in their natural habitats. A study of frost tolerance of 101 origins of E. nitens planted in Tasmania showed the western provenances of the central highlands of Victoria and those from New South Wales to be superior (Tibbits & Reid 1987), while from early results Evans (1986) found origins of E. nitens from Victoria were most cold hardy in trials in Great Britain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frost damage to eucalypts in a short-rotation forestry trial in Cumbria (England)

Leslie¹,

Mencuccini²,

Perks³

2014

iForest

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© iForest -Biogeosciences and Forestry IntroductionShort rotation forestry (SRF) involves growing trees in plantation at a spacing that allows rapid site capture and which are then harvested at a dbh of between 10 and 20 cm (Hardcastle 2006). The wood produced is normally used to substitute fossil fuels as a source of energy. A number of hardwoods were identified as having potential for SRF in the UK (Hardcastle 2006), but the Read Report (Read et al. 2009) highlighted the potential of eucalypts in sequestration of atmospheric carbon, due to their rapid growth. Of these, two species were identified as having particular potential for the UK: Eucalyptus gunnii Hook.f. It is cold that presents the greatest limitation to growing eucalypts in the UK (Leslie et al. 2012). Low temperatures have two main negative impacts on the photosynthesis of eucalypts. The first is damage to tissues due to rupture of cells, while the second is photoinhibition of photosynthesis (Davidson et al. 1995). Photoinhibition involves a decrease in the efficiency of photosystem II through the combination of cold temperatures and high levels of sunlight (Close & Beadle 2003). Photoinhibition occurs least and recovery is most rapid in the most coldtolerant eucalypts (Hovenden & Warren 1998).Furthermore, low soil temperatures are known to decrease absorption of water by roots (Teskey et al. 1984, in Cochrane & Slayter 1988. When the soil is frozen uptake can be seriously disrupted; generally, soil temperatures of -1 °C or less will prevent water uptake and can increase dehydration (Larcher 1957, in Boyce & Lucero 1994. During periods of warm air temperatures with frozen ground, trees must rely on moisture stored in sap reserves and smaller trees will deplete these reserves faster (Boyce & Lucero 1994).Eucalypts have four main ways of producing leafy shoots; naked buds in leaf axils, accessory buds, dormant (epicormic) buds and buds in lignotubers. The latter two, dormant and lignotuber buds are particularly important in producing shoots after significant damage, such as fire or frost. However, it is the naked buds and accessory buds that normally contribute to crown development. The naked buds primarily contribute to the development of leafy shoots, with accessory buds providing an alternative if the naked buds are damaged (Jacobs 1955, in Commonwealth Government of Australia 1999). The naked buds grow when temperatures are above a certain minimum, enabling potentially high productivity, especially when grown as exotics as this strategy allows growth through much of the year. Unlike most temperate trees, photoperiod has no effect on growth (Paton 1983). Davidson et al. (1995) note that maximum winter growth rates for E. nitens (Deane and Maiden) Maiden in a plantation in Tasmania were only slightly less than maximum rates in summer. However, this lack of dormancy also leaves eucalypts vulnerable to damage through chilling (Davidson et al. 1995). The cold winters experienced in the UK, relative to those of Australia, means that only a limited ra...

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“…It is also differentiated from E. gunnii subsp. gunnii by a greater retention of the juvenile foliage (Potts 1985), greater lignotuber development (Potts 1985), an absence of marked oil glands in the juvenile leaves, and by the composition of leaf volatile oils (Li et al 1996) and the surface wax (Li et al 1997). Its leaf volatile oil is dominated by p-cymene and spathulenol and contains virtually no 1,8 cineole, the dominant component in five populations of E. gunnii subsp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…divaricata is phenotypically (Potts & Reid 1985a) and genetically (Potts 1985, Potts & Reid 1985a, Cauvin & Potts 1991 Eucalyptus gunnii subsp. divaricata can be distinguished from E. gunnii subsp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The insolated, open-woodland site occupied by typical E. gunnii subsp. divaricata (Potts & Reid 1985a; pls 2, 3 present study) is extremely harsh for seedling establishment, due to exposure to both frost and drought (Potts 1985). Over the last century this has been aggravated by browsing pressure from sheep, rabbits and native marsupials, coupled with frequent firing of the vegetation to reduce the shrub component of the vegetation (Jackson 1973, Gibson & Kirkpatrick 1989.…”

Section: Plate 3 the Western End Of The Miena Population Of E Gunniimentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Miena cider gum, Eucalyptus gunnii subsp. divaricata (Myrtaceae): a taxon in rapid decline

Potts¹,

Potts²,

Kantvilas³

2001

PPRST

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Variation in the Eucalyptus gunnii-archeri Complex. III. Reciprocal Transplant Trials

Cited by 22 publications

References 29 publications

Plant hybridization

Plant hybridization

Frost damage to eucalypts in a short-rotation forestry trial in Cumbria (England)

The Miena cider gum, Eucalyptus gunnii subsp. divaricata (Myrtaceae): a taxon in rapid decline

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