Variation in the morphology of fine roots in Cryptomeria japonica determined by branch order-based classification

Wada, Ryusei; Tanikawa, Toko; Doi, Ryuusei; Hirano, Yasuhiro

doi:10.1007/s11104-019-04264-x

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…This study is a few that assessed intraspeci c variations in ne root morphological traits caused only by different genotypic backgrounds using three provenance types of C. japonica trees planted in a common garden and suggested that intragenerational tree acclimation to the growing environment, that includes soil chemical alteration by plant-soil interactions (Ohta et al 2019), is possibly affected by genotypic backgrounds. Several previous studies evaluating ne root morphological and anatomical traits of C. japonica focused on trait variations among root orders and their plasticity with environmental conditions and stand age (Tawa and Takeda 2015;Hishi et al 2017;Wada et al 2019). Although ne root morphological traits have plasticity against growing environments (Doi et al 2017;Zadworny et al 2017;Wada et al 2019), our common garden experiment suggests that intraspeci c variations in ne root morphology can be determined not only by environmental conditions but also by genotypic differences in trees.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Thus, there is functional heterogeneity in individual roots within ne root systems, which appears as phenotypic variations in anatomical and morphological traits (Hishi 2007;Hishi et al 2017). Fine root morphological traits, namely, root length, diameter, and branching order, are closely related to physiological functions, such as absorptive and transport capacities, lifespan, and mycorrhizal Wada et al 2019). Speci c root length (SRL), which is determined as root length per root mass, strongly re ects physiological traits such as absorptive capacity and lifespan (Eissenstat 1991;Ostonen et al 2007;McCormack et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The evolutionary background of plants regulates their root morphological traits (Guo et al 2008;Ma et al 2018). Nevertheless, even within the same species, ne root morphological traits change considerably with environmental conditions possibly due to altitudinal or latitudinal gradients (Ostonen et (Doi et al 2017;Wada et al 2019). Therefore, elucidating how the root morphological traits are predetermined by genotypic background and how these root traits have plasticity against growing environments is essential for understanding and predicting the response of trees and forest ecosystems to the environmental changes expected over the next several decades.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genotypic variations appear in fine root morphological traits of Cryptomeria japonica trees grown in a common garden

Nakahata¹,

Azuma²,

Tanabe³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Aims Fine root morphological traits regulate the belowground resource acquisition strategies of trees. However, genotypic variations isolated from environmental variations within tree species remain unclear. Thus, this study aimed to clarify the effects of genotypic variations on the fine root morphology of three types of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica), which were derived from different provenances but were grown in a common garden.Methods In the three geographically different provenances of C. japonica stands (Yanase, Yoshino, and Yaku), fine root morphological traits, such as root length and diameter and specific root length (SRL), were measured for each root up to the 4th branching order.Results Yaku cedar exhibited root traits distinct from the other provenances, such as growing longer and thinner roots in 1st root order to enhance root surface area. In addition, the SRL patterns with root orders and higher root tissue density suggested a resource conservation strategy corresponding to the low aboveground production of Yaku cedar. Yanase cedar demonstrated a significantly higher root branching ratio and specific root tips than the other provenances, indicating a strategy for investing resources in absorptive roots. Although Yoshino cedar had traits similar to that of Yanase cedar or intermediate between Yanase and Yaku cedars, high aboveground production may be achieved by nutrient acquisition with root exudates instead of absorptive root growth.Conclusion Genotypic variations appeared in fine root morphological traits of C. japonica trees, even when grown in the same environments, implying distinct resource acquisition strategies characterized by each provenance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genotypic variations appear in fine root morphological traits of Cryptomeria japonica trees grown in a common garden

Nakahata¹,

Azuma²,

Tanabe³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Fine roots have been commonly considered as a coherent "pool" of an arbitrary 0-2 mm root diameter class with the same dynamics, turnover rates, respiration costs and the same rates of water and nutrient uptake (Persson, 1980;Jackson et al, 1997). However, an increasing number of recent studies suggest that fine root functions can vary depending on the root order of the branching root system (Pregitzer et al, 1997;Majdi et al, 2001;Pregitzer et al, 2002;Guo et al, 2004;Wang et al, 2006;Hishi, 2007;Wang et al, 2007;Pregitzer, 2008;Valenzuela Estrada et al, 2008;Comas and Eissenstat, 2009;Fan and Guo, 2010;Rewald et al, 2011;Beyer et al, 2013;Rewald et al, 2018;Wada et al, 2019). These studies have clearly shown that several fine root traits such as diameter (D), length (L), specific root length (SRL), specific root area (SRA), root length density (RLD), branching density but also number of xylem vessels, tissue density, C/N ratios, phenolic, lignin and suberin contents, mycorrhizal colonization and median lifespans varied depending on the root order.…”

Section: Morphology and Anatomy Of Deep Fine Rootsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tamm Review: Deep fine roots in forest ecosystems: Why dig deeper?

Germon

Laclau

Robin

et al. 2020

Forest Ecology and Management

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While the number of studies dealing with fine root dynamics in deep soils layers (depth > 1 m) has increased sharply recently, the phenology, the morphology, the anatomy and the role of deep fine roots are still poorly known in forest ecosystems. This review summarizes the current knowledge on fine root production, mortality and longevity in deep soil layers, mycorrhizal association with deep roots, and the role of deep fine roots on carbon, water and nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems. Plant species are known to be more deeply rooted in tropical ecosystems than in temperate and boreal ecosystems, but deep-rooted species are common in a wide range of climates. Deep fine roots are highly plastic in response to changes in environmental conditions and soil resources. Recent studies show that functional traits can be different for deep and shallow roots, with a possible functional specialization of deep fine roots to take up nutrients. With higher vessel diameter and larger tracheid, the anatomy of deep fine roots is also oriented toward water acquisition and transport by increasing the hydraulic conductivity. Deep fine roots can have a great impact on the biogeochemical cycles in many forests (in particular in tropical areas where highly weathered soils are commonly very deep), making it possible to take up water and nutrients over dry periods and contributing to store carbon in the soil. The biogeochemical models in forest ecosystems need to consider the specificity of deep root functioning to better predict carbon, water and nutrient cycling as well as net ecosystem productivity.

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“…Fine roots can be classified into different orders based on their branching pattern (Fitter 1982;Pregitzer et al 2002), RD and RTD generally increase with root order while SRL decreases have been found by numerous studies (Pregitzer et al 2002;Valenzuela-Estrada et al 2008;Yu et al 2022). Factors influencing intraspecific variation in fine root morphological traits may be influenced by root order (Doi et al 2017;Wada et al 2019), for example, Doi et al (2017) found that SRL of low-order (first to third) Chamaecyparis obtusa roots correlated with soil inorganic nitrogen concentrations, but SRL of high-order (fourth to sixth) roots correlated with soil C concentrations. In addition, as root order increases, roots undergoing secondary growth form a cork cambium with hydrophobic suberized cells that hinder the absorption of water and nutrients (Gu et al 2014;McCormack et al 2015), and secondary xylem growth that enhances transport capacity (Guo et al 2008;Wang et al 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tree age and root order affect the adaptation of fine roots to the surrounding environment: a case study of Pinus koraiensis

Yu¹,

Valverde‐Barrantes²,

Shi³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Aims Fine roots adjust their traits during tree growth to adapt to changes in environments, but may vary by root order. We aim to separate the influence of ontogeny and root order on root trait plasticity.Methods We examined six morphological and anatomical traits of the first five order fine roots for 67 Pinus koraiensis individuals aged 16 to 285 years in northeast China, while quantifying soil water and N content.Results As trees aged, the specific root length (SRL) of first- to fifth-order roots increased linearly but root tissue density (RTD) decreased non-linearly; the root diameter (RD) and cortex thickness (CT) of second-order roots and the stele-to-root diameter ratio (SDR) of third- and fourth-orders increased; the difference values in SRL and SDR among root orders increased. CT of first-order roots increased with soil water content but SDR decreased. CT of third-order roots was affected by both soil water and N content. Furthermore, with increasing tree age, there was a trade-off between SRL and RTD of the first five orders and a collaborated increase in RD and stele diameter (SD); RD and CT of first- and second-orders also increased collaboratively.Conclusions Our study not only reflects changes in fine root strategies at different ontogeny stages, but also reveals differences in the plasticity of fine roots to the surrounding environment at different root orders. Moreover, covariation in multiple intraspecific trait syndromes with tree age suggests multiple ongoing strategies to adjust to changing environments, while highlighting the inherent heterogeneity within fine roots.

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Variation in the morphology of fine roots in Cryptomeria japonica determined by branch order-based classification

Cited by 19 publications

References 45 publications

Genotypic variations appear in fine root morphological traits of Cryptomeria japonica trees grown in a common garden

Genotypic variations appear in fine root morphological traits of Cryptomeria japonica trees grown in a common garden

Tamm Review: Deep fine roots in forest ecosystems: Why dig deeper?

Tree age and root order affect the adaptation of fine roots to the surrounding environment: a case study of Pinus koraiensis

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