Variation in the responses of litter and phylloplane fungi to UV-B radiation (290–315 nm)

Moody, Sandra A.; Newsham, Kevin K.; Ayres, P. G.; Paul, Nigel D.

doi:10.1017/s0953756299008783

Cited by 84 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Our data confirm that similar doses of UV-B also inhibit the growth of Antarctic fungi and that little resistance to UV-B has apparently developed in these organisms. In common with the results obtained by Moody et al (10), our study demonstrated that fungi responded to UV-B and, to a lesser extent, short-wave UV-A radiation by growing submerged within the PDA medium, where the flux of UV-B radiation is reduced by up to 99% (10). Elevated UV-B radiation elicited the production of a brown pigment, most probably melanin, by P. herbarum within 24 h of exposure in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Exposure to solar radiation, particularly biologically damaging UV-B (280 to 315 nm) radiation, may also limit fungal growth (6,11). Previous studies have shown deleterious effects of short-wavelength radiation on the growth of subArctic and temperate soil fungi (5,10,11), but little is known about the influence of radiation on fungi on the surface of Antarctic soils. These organisms are exposed to wide fluctuations in incident solar radiation owing to seasonal changes in snow and ice cover, solar zenith angle, and surface albedo (16).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Solar UV-B Radiation Inhibits the Growth of Antarctic Terrestrial Fungi

Hughes

Lawley

Newsham

2003

Appl Environ Microbiol

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113

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We tested the effects of solar radiation, and UV-B in particular, on the growth of Antarctic terrestrial fungi. The growth responses to solar radiation of five fungi, Geomyces pannorum, Phoma herbarum, Pythium sp., Verticillium sp., and Mortierella parvispora, each isolated from Antarctic terrestrial habitats, were examined on an agar medium in the natural Antarctic environment. A 3-h exposure to solar radiation of >287 nm reduced the hyphal extension rates of all species relative to controls kept in the dark. Pythium sp. cultures exposed to solar radiation for 1.5 h on five consecutive days were most sensitive to radiation of >287 nm, but radiation of >313 nm also inhibited growth to a lesser extent. Radiation of >400 nm had no effect on hyphal growth relative to controls kept in the dark. Short-wave solar UV-B radiation of between 287 and 305 nm inhibited the growth of Pythium sp. hyphae on and below the surface of the agar medium after 24 h, but radiation of >345 nm only reduced the growth of surface hyphae. Similar detrimental effects of UV-B on surface and, to a lesser extent, submerged hyphae of all five fungi were shown in the laboratory by using artificial UV-B from fluorescent lamps. A comparison of growth responses to solar radiation and temperature showed that the species that were most resistant to UV radiation grew fastest at higher temperatures. These data suggest that solar UV-B reduces the growth of fungi on the soil surface in the Antarctic terrestrial environment.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Solar UV-B Radiation Inhibits the Growth of Antarctic Terrestrial Fungi

Hughes

Lawley

Newsham

2003

Appl Environ Microbiol

Self Cite

113

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“…Denward et al (10) observed no decrease in aquatic fungal biomass on aquatic macrophytes exposed to levels of PAR plus UV-A similar to those in our study. Moody et al (26) observed that UV-A effects, as measured by mycelial extension in fungi grown on agar, were largely beneficial to terrestrial fungi. Newsham et al (35), however, reported that a single fungal species disappeared with UV-A treatment and also that UV-A accelerated the rate of decomposition of leaves in terrestrial litter.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Changes in Fungal Production and Biomass on Standing Dead Scirpus lacustris Litter in a Northern Prairie Wetland

Verma

Robarts

Headley

2003

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Decaying macrophytes are an important source of carbon and nutrients in fungal and bacterial communities of northern prairie wetlands. Dead macrophytes do not collapse into the water column immediately after death, and decomposition by fungi and bacteria begins while the plants are standing. The seasonal variations in fungal biomass and production on Scirpus lacustris stems, both above and below water, were measured to assess which environmental factors were dominant in affecting these variations in a typical prairie wetland. Fungal biomass and production were measured from early May to November, just prior to freeze-up. Fungal decomposition began and was greatest in the spring despite low water temperatures. The fungal production, as measured by the incorporation of [1-14 C]acetate into ergosterol, ranged from 1.8 to 376 g of C g of ash-free dry mass (AFDM) ؊1 day ؊1 , and the biomass, as estimated by using ergosterol, ranged from nondetectable to 5.8 mg of C g of AFDM ؊1 . There was no significant difference in biomass or production between aerial and submerged portions of Scirpus stems. The water temperature was correlated with fungal production (r ‫؍‬ 0.7, P < 0.005) for aerial stem pieces but not for submerged pieces. However, in laboratory experiments water temperature had a measurable effect on both biomass and production in submerged stem pieces. Changes in fungal biomass and productivity on freshly cut green Scirpus stems decaying in the water either exposed to natural solar radiation or protected from UV radiation were monitored over the summer. There was no significant difference in either fungal biomass (P ‫؍‬ 0.76) or production (P ‫؍‬ 0.96) between the two light treatments. The fungal biomass and rates of production were within the lower range of the values reported elsewhere, probably as a result of the colder climate and perhaps the lower lability of Scirpus stems compared to the labilities of the leaves and different macrophytes examined in other studies performed at lower latitudes.

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“…76, 106 Thus, climatic change factors may affect or operate at different trophic levels, thereby complicating the analysis resulting from single trophic level studies.…”

Section: Interaction Of Global Climate Change Factors Across Trophic mentioning

confidence: 99%

Health effects from stratospheric ozone depletion and interactions with climate change

Caldwell

Ballaré

Bornman

et al. 2003

Photochem Photobiol Sci

313

195

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Variation in the responses of litter and phylloplane fungi to UV-B radiation (290–315 nm)

Cited by 84 publications

References 28 publications

Solar UV-B Radiation Inhibits the Growth of Antarctic Terrestrial Fungi

Solar UV-B Radiation Inhibits the Growth of Antarctic Terrestrial Fungi

Seasonal Changes in Fungal Production and Biomass on Standing Dead Scirpus lacustris Litter in a Northern Prairie Wetland

Health effects from stratospheric ozone depletion and interactions with climate change

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