Variation in yield over time in a cacao factorial mating design: changes in heritability and longitudinal data analyses over 13 consecutive years

Tahi, G.Mathias; Trebissou, Caudou Inago; Ribeyre, Fabienne; Guiraud, Boguinard Sahin Hono; Pokou, Désiré N’Da; Cilas, Christian

doi:10.1007/s10681-019-2429-y

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Despite nearly 90 years of research centered on the swollen shoot disease of cacao in West Africa, only recently a number of divergent CSSD-associated species and strains have been identified. Even so, additional information is needed with respect to genomic variability to enable the development of reliable molecular detection assays for breeding programs and epidemiologically-based management [10,11,14,15,21,30,39,[68][69][70]. Also, population-level analysis has been limited to a relatively few complete genomes and/or partial sequences [9,14,16,34,66].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Complex of Badnavirus Species Infecting Cacao Reveals Mixed Infections, Extensive Genomic Variability, and Interspecific Recombination

Ramos-Sobrinho

Chingandu

Gutiérrez³

et al. 2020

Viruses

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The incidence of cacao swollen shoot disease (CSSD) in cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) has increased in West Africa since ~2000. To investigate the genomic and species diversity of the CSSD-badnaviruses infecting cacao in Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana, symptomatic leaves were subjected to high-throughput sequencing. Among the 30 newly determined genomes, three badnaviruses were identified, Cacao swollen shoot Togo B virus (CSSTBV), Cacao swollen shoot CD virus, and Cacao swollen shoot CE virus (CSSCEV). The phylogenetic trees reconstructed for the reverse transcriptase (RT) and ribonuclease H (RNase H) sequences were incongruent with the complete viral genomes, which had the most robust statistical support. Recombination seems to be involved in the CSSD-badnavirus diversification. The genomic diversity varied among different CSSD-badnaviruses, with CSSTBV showing the lowest nucleotide diversity (π = 0.06236), and CSSCEV exhibiting the greatest variability (π = 0.21911). Evidence of strong purifying selection was found in the coding regions of the CSSTBV isolates.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Complex of Badnavirus Species Infecting Cacao Reveals Mixed Infections, Extensive Genomic Variability, and Interspecific Recombination

Ramos-Sobrinho

Chingandu

Gutiérrez³

et al. 2020

Viruses

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“…The significant difference observed between the levels of yield of progenies issued from reciprocal crosses (IMC 67 × SNK 109/SNK 109 × IMC 67 and T 79/501 × SNK 109/SNK 109 × T 79/501) confirm the existence of reciprocal effects for this trait, showed by Despréaux et al (1989) [20] in a diallel trial experiment conducted in Cameroon, and in a diallel trial experiment conducted in Ghana, by and Ofori and Padi (2020) [21]. Although our assessment, based on seven consecutive years of production, can be considered as reliable enough to make recommendation about the release of the progenies to farmers, it would be interesting to continue the assessment of the progenies in the same trial plots during a longer period, in order to estimate their longevity and their yield stability over time (Tahi et al, 2019) [22]. Finally, our study allows us to recommend the release of the three progenies issued from IMC 67 × SNK 109, IMC 67 × SNK 64 and SNK 109 × T 79/501 to the farmers of the Mbam et Inoubou county, and to introduce these progenies in other forestsavannah transition areas, with similar climatic conditions and where cocoa is currently being cultivated, in both central and eastern regions of the country.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Evaluation of Adaptation and Yield Stability of Cocoa Progenies in Marginal Conditions: Results from an on Farm Cocoa Trial Set up in a Forest–Savannah Transition Area in Cameroon

Tchoua

Sounigo²,

Bourgoing

et al. 2021

Crops

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Cocoa is an important crop in Cameroon, where it is cultivated in different areas, including marginal areas, characterized by a rather low level of annual rainfall and marked dry seasons. In order to release cocoa varieties with a good level of adaptation to these marginal conditions, nine full-sib progenies, already released to farmers in other producing areas of the country, were assessed on twelve on farm cocoa plots, set up in 2006, in Mbam et Inoubou county, which is a forest–savannah transition zone. The traits assessed were mortality rate, yield and yield stability. Mortality rate and yield vary widely among trial plots and among progenies. Four out of the nine assessed progenies present a yield level significantly higher than the five others. The lowest level of yield stability (estimated by the contribution to total ecovalence) was observed in both the highest and the lowest yielding progenies. Recommendation for the large-scale release of these progenies to farmers of the county, and to other cocoa producing forest–savannah transition areas, are made, based on the results obtained from this study.

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“…In fact, the production Yi of a tree i between date t and date t + s, (Yi [t, t + s]) can be written as: The heritability of the number of healthy pods produced per tree is relatively weak (<0.4), which indicates that this trait is mostly dependent on environmental factors [3][4][5] . Actually, the trait is the result of several elementary traits or processes: flowering, pollination, fruit-setting, cherelle wilt, diseases and insect attacks [6][7][8] .…”

Section: Genetic and Environmental Links Between Traits Of Cocoa Beanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and environmental links between traits of cocoa beans and pods clarify the phenotyping processes to be implemented

Doare

Ribeyre

Cilas

2020

Sci Rep

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The average weight of cocoa beans is not generally taken into account during breeding processes, although it is a trait of interest. Several studies indicate that the weight of the beans has a high heritability in Theobroma cacao. However, the values obtained from different countries for the same clone often vary. In this study, we analyzed the effect of different factors on the weight of the beans. Apart from the clone effect, three main factors had an impact: i) the number of beans per pod: a good filling of the pod with beans tended to limit the weight of the beans, ii) the position of the beans in the pod: beans in the apical part of the pod were significantly lighter than the others and iii) the longer the duration of the fructification cycle the heavier the beans were (positive genetics correlation). These results lead us to propose protocols aimed at normalizing the phenotypic values of the genetic material. To obtain a reliable estimate of the bean weight, the following is proposed: either to use beans obtained from manual pollination to saturate the pods with beans, or to systematically use the number beans in the pods as a covariable.

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Variation in yield over time in a cacao factorial mating design: changes in heritability and longitudinal data analyses over 13 consecutive years

Cited by 15 publications

References 32 publications

A Complex of Badnavirus Species Infecting Cacao Reveals Mixed Infections, Extensive Genomic Variability, and Interspecific Recombination

A Complex of Badnavirus Species Infecting Cacao Reveals Mixed Infections, Extensive Genomic Variability, and Interspecific Recombination

Evaluation of Adaptation and Yield Stability of Cocoa Progenies in Marginal Conditions: Results from an on Farm Cocoa Trial Set up in a Forest–Savannah Transition Area in Cameroon

Genetic and environmental links between traits of cocoa beans and pods clarify the phenotyping processes to be implemented

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