Variation of Carotid Intima - Media Thickness in Hypercholesterolemia Patients on Atorvastatin and Rosuvastatin Therapy

Khan, Samia Perwaiz; Gul, Pashmina; Ahmed, Khwaja Zafar; Ghani, Rubina; Yaqub, Zia

doi:10.4172/2155-9880.1000191

Cited by 1 publication

(3 citation statements)

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“…Transthoracic echocardiography was performed according to the procedure described earlier [66], i.e., in the position lying on the left side, using the Aloka Alfa 7 (Tokyo, Japan) ultrasound machine, with a sector transducer with a frequency of 3.5-5 MHz. The transducer was placed just above the elbow tubercle in the fourth intercostal space.…”

Section: Echocardiographic Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each ultrasound measurement was performed three times and the average values were taken for further analysis, and these values were compared with the physiological parameters of pigs [66].…”

Section: Echocardiographic Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Scientific research also indicates that diet may induce or weaken DNA repair mechanisms including the process of atherosclerosis [52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65]. Therefore, we focused on examining the association of selected markers of endothelial dysfunction, lipid peroxidation, and DNA repair enzyme activity in porcine heart tissue with early atherosclerosis induced by long-term unbalanced nutrition [66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74]. The study's second aim was to analyze the impact of switching to a balanced diet [75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of the Model of Atherosclerosis Formation in Pig Hearts as a Result of Impaired Activity of DNA Repair Enzymes

Paslawski,

Kowalczyk,

Paslawska

et al. 2024

IJMS

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Excessive consumption of food rich in saturated fatty acids and carbohydrates can lead to metabolic disturbances and cardiovascular disease. Hyperlipidemia is a significant risk factor for acute cardiac events due to its association with oxidative stress. This leads to arterial wall remodeling, including an increase in the thickness of the intima media complex (IMT), and endothelial dysfunction leading to plaque formation. The decreased nitric oxide synthesis and accumulation of lipids in the wall result in a reduction in the vasodilating potential of the vessel. This study aimed to establish a clear relationship between markers of endothelial dysfunction and the activity of repair enzymes in cardiac tissue from a pig model of early atherosclerosis. The study was conducted on 28 female Polish Landrace pigs, weighing 40 kg (approximately 3.5 months old), which were divided into three groups. The control group (n = 11) was fed a standard, commercial, balanced diet (BDG) for 12 months. The second group (n = 9) was fed an unbalanced, high-calorie Western-type diet (UDG). The third group (n = 8) was fed a Western-type diet for nine months and then switched to a standard, balanced diet (regression group, RG). Control examinations, including blood and urine sampling, were conducted every three months under identical conditions with food restriction for 12 h and water restriction for four hours before general anesthesia. The study analyzed markers of oxidative stress formed during lipid peroxidation processes, including etheno DNA adducts, ADMA, and NEFA. These markers play a crucial role in reactive oxygen species analysis in ischemia–reperfusion and atherosclerosis in mammalian tissue. Essential genes involved in oxidative-stress-induced DNA demethylation like OGG1 (8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase), MPG (N-Methylpurine DNA Glycosylase), TDG (Thymine-DNA glycosylase), APEX (apurinic/apirymidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1), PTGS2 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2), and ALOX (Arachidonate Lipoxygenase) were measured using the Real-Time RT-PCR method. The data suggest that high oxidative stress, as indicated by TBARS levels, is associated with high levels of DNA repair enzymes and depends on the expression of genes involved in the repair pathway. In all analyzed groups of heart tissue homogenates, the highest enzyme activity and gene expression values were observed for the OGG1 protein recognizing the modified 8oxoG. Conclusion: With the long-term use of an unbalanced diet, the levels of all DNA repair genes are increased, especially (significantly) Apex, Alox, and Ptgs, which strongly supports the hypothesis that an unbalanced diet induces oxidative stress that deregulates DNA repair mechanisms and may contribute to genome instability and tissue damage.

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Section: Echocardiographic Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Echocardiographic Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%