Variation of cork quality for wine stoppers across the production regions in Portugal

Lauw, Alexandra; Oliveira, Vanda; Lopes, Fernando Dias; Pereira, Helena

doi:10.1007/s00107-017-1196-5

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Cell number (phellogen activity) and cell height (cellular expansion) are under genetic control (Powell and Lenhard, 2012; Miguel et al, 2016) but are also strongly dependent on environmental conditions (Pereira, 2007). The local combination of temperature and soil water availability largely impacts cork growth (Costa et al, 2016), with differences in cork annual growth being observed between and within geographical regions (Lauw et al, 2018). The basis for such phenotypic plasticity relies on both cork oak genetic diversity and local adaptations (Elena-Rossellö and Cabrera, 1996; Coelho et al, 2006; Modesto et al, 2014; Eriksson, 2017; Lauw et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The local combination of temperature and soil water availability largely impacts cork growth (Costa et al, 2016), with differences in cork annual growth being observed between and within geographical regions (Lauw et al, 2018). The basis for such phenotypic plasticity relies on both cork oak genetic diversity and local adaptations (Elena-Rossellö and Cabrera, 1996; Coelho et al, 2006; Modesto et al, 2014; Eriksson, 2017; Lauw et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This large variability in the chemical composition coupled with physical properties determines the suitability of cork for the transformation industry hence, its economic value (Lauw et al, 2018). Cork is commercialized as planks, i.e., the rectangular parcels of the outer bark that is separated from the tree along the phellogenic layer without damaging of this meristematic layer that holds the capacity of regeneration right after the debarking process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, its biomechanical properties will influence wall flexibility and strength. Recent reports point out to environmental influence on cork annual growth, porosity and thickness (Inácio et al, 2017; Lauw et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phellem Cell-Wall Components Are Discriminants of Cork Quality in Quercus suber

et al. 2019

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Cork is a renewable, non-wood high valued forest product, with relevant ecological and economic impact in the Mediterranean-type ecosystems. Currently, cork is ranked according to its commercial quality. The most valuable planks are chosen for cork stoppers production. Cork planks with adequate thickness and porosity are classified as stoppable quality cork (SQC). The chemical composition of cork is known, but the regulation of metabolic pathways responsible of cork production and composition, hence of cork quality, is largely unknown. Here, we tested the hypothesis that post-genomic events may be responsible for the development of SQC and N-SQC (non-stoppable quality cork). Here, we show that combined proteomics and targeted metabolomics (namely soluble and cell wall bound phenolics) analyzed on recently formed phellem allows discriminate cork planks of different quality. Phellem cells of SQC and N-SQC displayed different reducing capacity, with consequential impact on both enzymatic pathways (e.g., glycolysis) and other cellular functions, including cell wall assembly and suberization. Glycolysis and respiration related proteins were abundant in both cork quality groups, whereas the level of several proteins associated to mitochondrial metabolism was higher in N-SQC. The soluble and cell wall-bound phenolics in recently formed phellem clearly discriminated SQC from N-SCQ. In our study, SQC was characterized by a high incorporation of aromatic components of the phenylpropanoid pathway in the cell wall, together with a lower content of hydrolysable tannins. Here, we propose that the level of hydrolysable tannins may represent a valuable diagnostic tool for screening recently formed phellem, and used as a proxy for the quality grade of cork plank produced by each tree.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phellem Cell-Wall Components Are Discriminants of Cork Quality in Quercus suber

et al. 2019

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“…The values found for cork ring width by different authors are in the range of 2.8 to 3.6 mm (3.30 mm and 3.56 mm by Caritat et al (2000); 3.8 mm by Costa et al (2002); 3.5 mm by Pereira (2007); 3.3 mm by Oliveira et al (2016); 3.6 mm, 3.1 mm, and 2.8 mm by Costa et al (2016)). In a large cork sampling covering all the production regions in Portugal, a mean value of cork ring width of 3.6 mm was reported ranging from site means of 1.6 mm to 4.6 mm (Lauw et al, 2018). In one study, the potential distribution of three Mediterranean pine species (Pinus pinea L., Pinus halepensis Mill., and Pinus pinaster Aiton) in southern Spain in response to the forecasted increase in aridity was explored.…”

Section: Cork-ring Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of climate change on the spatial distribution and cork production of Quercus suber L., the risk of exclusion by the Aleppo pine expansion, and management practices to protect Q. suber habitat: A review

Mechergui

Jaouadi

Altamimi

et al. 2021

Not Bot Horti Agrobo

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Climate change represents an important challenge for forest management and the silviculture of stands and it is known that climate change will have complex effects on cork oak forest ecosystems. North Africa and the Mediterranean basin are especially vulnerable to climate change. Under the effect of climate change, cork oak will disappear from a large area in the future, and the rest will migrate to higher altitudes and latitudes. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of climate change on the spatial distribution of Quercus suber L. and cork production in the Mediterranean area, and the risk of its exclusion by the Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.) expansion. The literature review showed that up to 40% of current environmentally suitable areas for cork oak may be lost by 2070, mainly in northern Africa and the southern Iberian Peninsula. Temperature directly influences atmospheric evaporative demand and should affect cork productivity. Precipitation is the main factor that positively influences cork growth and several authors have confirmed the negative effect of drought on this growth. Currently, cork oak habitats are colonized in several places mainly by the Aleppo pine. Under climate change, Aleppo pine is projected to occupy higher altitude sites and several authors have predicted that current and future global warming will have a positive influence on Aleppo pine growth in wet sites. In the future and under climate change, there is a strong possibility that the Aleppo pine will colonize cork oak habitat. Finally, we proposed management practices to protect cork oak against climate change and Aleppo pine expansion.

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