Variation of hmF2 and NmF2 deduced from DPS-4 over Multan (Pakistan) and their comparisons with IRI-2012<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si18.gif" overflow="scroll"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>&amp;</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>IRI-2016 during the deep solar minimum between cycles 23 &amp; 24

Ameen, Muhammad Ayyaz; Khursheed, Haqqa; Jabbar, Mehak Abdul; Ali, Muneeza Salman; Chishtie, Farrukh

doi:10.1016/j.asr.2018.01.043

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…We also observe a small increase in h m F 2 soon after sunrise hours until noon especially in December solstice and equinoxes, while this increase is not evident in June solstice. The peaks may be explained in terms of the increase in the temperature due to daylight that increases the concentration of atomic oxygen, as explained by Ameen et al () from Digisonde data acquired at Multan (30.2° N, 71.5° S, dip angle = 47.4°). After the sunset period, when the rate of ion formation decreases, the height of F 2 layer increases toward midnight as described before, corresponding a decrease in f o F 2 (or N m F 2 ) as noted in Figures a and e.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…We also observe a small increase in h m F 2 soon after sunrise hours until noon especially in December solstice and equinoxes, while this increase is not evident in June solstice. The peaks may be explained in terms of the increase in the temperature due to daylight that increases the concentration of atomic oxygen, as explained by Ameen et al (2018) From the diurnal variations of B0 presented in Figures 3d and 3h, we see that its values increase gradually from sunrise onward until a peak found to occur around local noon in equinoxes and less evident in June solstice.…”

Section: Journal Of Geophysical Research: Space Physicsmentioning

confidence: 83%

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On the Sources of the Ionospheric Variability in the South American Magnetic Anomaly During Solar Minimum

Moro

Xu²,

Denardini

et al. 2019

JGR Space Physics

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We investigate for the first time the variability of the F2 layer critical frequency (foF2), its peak height (hmF2), the thickness parameter B0, and the E region critical frequency (foE) over Santa Maria (29.7° S, 53.7° W, dip angle = −37°), a station located in the central region of the South American Magnetic Anomaly. The selected ionospheric parameters were obtained from ionograms recorded by a recent Digisonde Portable Sounder 4‐D. The time period covers 309 days from 1 September 2017 to 30 August 2018. The diurnal analyses revealed a large day‐to‐day ionospheric variability, with some peculiarities as a strong semiannual pattern superimposed to expected ionospheric behavior. Furthermore, the results show significant differences between the averaged foF2 in December and June solstices, revealing a possible presence of the annual asymmetry. The coefficient of variation (CV) is used as a quantitative description of the variability of each parameter versus time and season. Considering low solar flux and geomagnetically quiet days only, we note that CV is smaller during the daytime and larger during nighttime for all parameters. The least variable ionospheric parameter in our study is foE, while the most variable one is B0. Regarding the F2 layer parameters, we observe that foF2 is much more variable than hmF2. We attribute the observed CV to the neutral atmosphere source over Santa Maria. The ionospheric variability is in general enhanced during geomagnetically disturbed periods. The estimated CV is higher over Santa Maria than Wuhan, China (30.5° N, 114.4° E, dip angle = 46°), a station with no influence of the South American Magnetic Anomaly.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…We also observe a small increase in h m F 2 soon after sunrise hours until noon especially in December solstice and equinoxes, while this increase is not evident in June solstice. The peaks may be explained in terms of the increase in the temperature due to daylight that increases the concentration of atomic oxygen, as explained by Ameen et al (2018) From the diurnal variations of B0 presented in Figures 3d and 3h, we see that its values increase gradually from sunrise onward until a peak found to occur around local noon in equinoxes and less evident in June solstice.…”

Section: Journal Of Geophysical Research: Space Physicsmentioning

confidence: 83%

On the Sources of the Ionospheric Variability in the South American Magnetic Anomaly During Solar Minimum

Moro

Xu²,

Denardini

et al. 2019

JGR Space Physics

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“…Studies, such as (Ameen et al, 2018;Bilitza et al, 2017;Lemma et al, 2019;Liu et al, 2019;Rao et al, 2018) to name just a few, used the latest IRI-2016 model for comparisons with ionosonde results. It has been observed that the general performance of IRI-2016 has been improved compared to previous IRI models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of IRI‐2016 F2 Layer Model Parameters with Ionosonde Measurements

2019

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International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) is the international standard ionospheric climatic model. Since the original formation of the international task force in 1970s, the IRI model has been continuously improved by ingesting developments in research in ionosphere. The most current version, namely, IRI‐2016, is offered with International Radio Consultative Committee (CCIR) and International Union of Radio Science (URSI) model choices with “STORM” option for the F2 layer critical plasma frequency (foF2) and BSE‐1979, AMTB‐2013, and SHU‐2015 options for maximum ionization height, hmF2. Since these two parameters are the determining values for the other model outputs, the evaluation of the options offered by IRI‐2016 is critical for various applications. In this study, all foF2 and hmF2 model options offered online at http://irimodel.org are computed for winter and summer solstice and equinox seasons of 2011 and 2015 at the locations of all available ionosondes and for all measurement intervals. The ionosondes are grouped into northern and southern midlatitude, northern and southern high‐latitude and equatorial regions. Individual, regional and global model output foF2 and hmF2 values are compared with those of ionosondes in both root‐mean‐square (RMS) and normalized RMS (NRMS) senses. For foF2, “STORM ON” can be used any time and in any region. Equatorial and high‐latitude regions have larger RMS values due to the sparse ionosondes. In northern midlatitude and high‐latitude regions URSI, in all other regions CCIR is the better option. For hmF2, SHU‐2015 and BSE‐1979 options provide a better fit for all regions, seasons, and years.

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“…Keeping this in mind, researchers from SUPARCO were given the opportunity to attend workshops and conferences relevant to the space weather domain. In 2014, two research studies pertaining to the space science domain were presented from SUPARCO at the 40th COSPAR (Committee on Space Research) Scientific Assembly held in Moscow, Russia (Ameen et al, 2014 andTalha et al, 2014). SUPARCO is an associate member of Asia-Oceania Space Weather Alliance (AOSWA).…”

Section: Capacity Building Efforts and Hosting Of International Workhopsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Publications utilizing geomagnetic data include Rahim et al (2013) and Rahim and Kumbher (2016). Articles based upon comparing ionospheric data with locally developed and international models include Ameen et al (2018Ameen et al ( , 2019a and Talha et al (2019a, b).…”

Section: Capacity Building Efforts and Hosting Of International Workhopsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of the Pakistan Space Weather Centre (PSWC)

Tahir

Ameen

Talha

et al. 2020

Hist. Geo Space. Sci.

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Abstract. This work focuses on the progress of space weather monitoring in Pakistan. Pakistan's first geomagnetic observatory was established in Quetta in 1953. However, the beginning of what we would now call space weather services on a formal level took place in 1971, when the national space agency, the Pakistan Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO), established the country's first ionospheric station. Later, in 1983, a geomagnetic observatory was set up in Karachi with the aim of providing high frequency (HF) support and geomagnetic storm alerts to relevant users. With the progression of time, nations began to prioritize space weather monitoring to ensure the safety and security of technological assets. Therefore, it was considered imperative to upgrade the array of instruments in order to maintain the reliability of operations and the efficient utilization of data to contribute to research at local, regional and global scales. Pakistan has recently established a dedicated space weather monitoring facility known as the Pakistan Space Weather Centre (PSWC). This paper describes the historic evolution of space weather infrastructure in Pakistan and the current contribution of the PSWC.

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Variation of hmF2 and NmF2 deduced from DPS-4 over Multan (Pakistan) and their comparisons with IRI-2012&IRI-2016 during the deep solar minimum between cycles 23 & 24

Cited by 17 publications

References 39 publications

On the Sources of the Ionospheric Variability in the South American Magnetic Anomaly During Solar Minimum

On the Sources of the Ionospheric Variability in the South American Magnetic Anomaly During Solar Minimum

Comparison of IRI‐2016 F2 Layer Model Parameters with Ionosonde Measurements

Evolution of the Pakistan Space Weather Centre (PSWC)

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