Variation of Pediatric Doses Undergoing Digital and Computed Radiography Examination in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Various researchers who carried out national and international surveys have reported wide variations in patient dose arising from specific X-ray examinations. Thus, assessment of radiation dose is an essential part in the optimization process. The aim of this study was to compare the entrance surface doses delivered to pediatric patients undergoing digital and computed radiography X-ray examination.MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 389 pediatric X-ray projections less than 15 years of age on eight X-ray machines in Addis Ababa in February 2009 E.C. The tube output of the X-ray machines in air was measured using RaySafe XI dosimeters. Then, entrance surface dose was estimated for common x-ray examinations like chest, skull, extremities and pelvis using established relation between X-ray tube output and radiographic parameters. These data were analyzed statistically using computer (Excel and SPSS method).RESULT: The third quartile estimated ESDs in mGy for both computed and digital radiography examinations of chest (AP) for age (0-1 year) were 0.24 and 0.15, (1-5 year) 0.3and 0.16. For the age group (5-10 year), it was 1.97 and 0.26 and for the(10-15 year)group, 0.56 and 0.18 respectively.These values were higher than those of the United Nations Scientific Committee’s on the Effects of Atomic Radiation’s established dose reference levels(in mGy for age (0-1 year) 0.02, (1-5 year) 0.03, (5-10 year) 0.04, and (10-15 year) 0.05 respectively).CONCLUSION: The wider dose variation between computed and digital radiography shows that there is a pressing need to minimize the detriment caused by unnecessary computed radiography.

Influence of the use of various imaging units and projections on the radiation dose received by children during chest digital radiography

“…Digital radiography (DR) is widely applied in diverse medical environments and plays an important role in reaching a definite diagnosis [ 1 ]. The thyroid, skin, and breast tissues of children are more radiosensitive than those of adults, and the possibility of radiation-induced cancer in children is approximately 2–3 times greater than that in adults [ 1 – 4 ].…”

“…Digital radiography (DR) is widely applied in diverse medical environments and plays an important role in reaching a definite diagnosis [ 1 ]. The thyroid, skin, and breast tissues of children are more radiosensitive than those of adults, and the possibility of radiation-induced cancer in children is approximately 2–3 times greater than that in adults [ 1 – 4 ]. In addition, 3- and 4-year-old children are susceptible to numerous respiratory tract diseases because of their physiological characteristics and because their immune systems are still developing.…”