Variation of terpene lactones composition in Ginkgo biloba (L.) leaves under the influence of harvesting time and growing location

Rimkienė, Laura; Ivanauskas, Liudas; Ževžikovas, Andrejus; Nenortienė, Palma; Jakštas, Valdas

doi:10.1007/s11738-021-03217-1

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…To the best of our knowledge, whole leaves are used to determine the content of terpene trilactones in G. biloba [ 13 , 14 , 16 , 17 , 18 ], but we do not fully know the details of these analyses. However, the results of the present study showed that the total content of terpene trilactones is much higher in leaf blades than in petioles, while the contents of flavonoids and phenolic acids in leaf blades are not different from those in petioles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been shown that the composition and content of terpene trilactones (TTLs) in G. biloba leaves depends on the harvest time and cultivation site [ 17 , 18 ], as well as on certain stresses [ 19 ]. The levels of ginkgolides A, B, and C in green leaves collected in August were much higher than those in fallen yellow leaves collected in November [ 17 ]. Therefore, the metabolism of TTLs in leaves naturally senesced on the tree may be different from that in leaves senesced after abscising.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The leaves of G. biloba contain numerous phenolic acids, such as caffeic acid, p -coumaric acid, ferulic acid, protocatechuic acid, p -hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, and chlorogenic acid [ 10 , 11 ]. The composition of terpene trilactones in G. biloba leaves has been shown to be dependent on the harvest date, growing location [ 12 , 13 , 14 ], and certain stresses [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. Inoue et al [ 19 ] reported that contents of ginkgolides A, B, and C in green leaves collected in August were much higher than those in fallen yellow leaves collected in November.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Methyl Jasmonate on the Terpene Trilactones, Flavonoids, and Phenolic Acids in Ginkgo biloba L. Leaves: Relevance to Leaf Senescence

et al. 2021

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The present study compared the effects of natural senescence and methyl jasmonate (JA-Me) treatment on the levels of terpene trilactones (TTLs; ginkgolides and bilobalide), phenolic acids, and flavonoids in the primary organs of Ginkgo biloba leaves, leaf blades, and petioles. Levels of the major TTLs, ginkgolides B and C, were significantly higher in the leaf blades of naturally senesced yellow leaves harvested on 20 October compared with green leaves harvested on 9 September. In petioles, a similar effect was found, although the levels of these compounds were almost half as high. These facts indicate the importance of the senescence process on TTL accumulation. Some flavonoids and phenolic acids also showed changes in content related to maturation or senescence. Generally, the application of JA-Me slightly but substantially increased the levels of TTLs in leaf blades irrespective of the difference in its application side on the leaves. Of the flavonoids analyzed, levels of quercetin, rutin, quercetin-4-glucoside, apigenin, and luteolin were dependent on the JA-Me application site, whereas levels of (+) catechin and (−) epicatechin were not. Application of JA-Me increased ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid esters in the petiole but decreased the levels of these compounds in the leaf blade. The content of p-coumaric acid glycosides and caffeic acid esters was only slightly modified by JA-Me. In general, JA-Me application affected leaf senescence by modifying the accumulation of ginkogolides, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. These effects were also found to be different in leaf blades and petioles. Based on JA-Me- and aging-related metabolic changes in endogenous levels of the secondary metabolites in G. biloba leaves, we discussed the results of study in the context of basic research and possible practical application.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Methyl Jasmonate on the Terpene Trilactones, Flavonoids, and Phenolic Acids in Ginkgo biloba L. Leaves: Relevance to Leaf Senescence

et al. 2021

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“…Selecting suitable raw materials is the first step in the production of GBLT. The accumulation of secondary metabolism of G. biloba leaves depends not only on internal (age, sex), but also on external (photosynthesis intensity, soil, climatic conditions) factors 10,11 . Season is one of the most influential external factors on secondary metabolism, 10 this makes the content of GAs and bioactive components in Ginkgo leaves at different harvest times show different trends.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The accumulation of secondary metabolism of G. biloba leaves depends not only on internal (age, sex), but also on external (photosynthesis intensity, soil, climatic conditions) factors. 10,11 Season is one of the most influential external factors on secondary metabolism, 10 this makes the content of GAs and bioactive components in Ginkgo leaves at different harvest times show different trends. Qian et al 12 studied the changing of total flavonoids and total terpene lactones of G. biloba leaves at different collecting seasons in Pizhou (Jiangsu, China), and pointed out that the peak of the content of total flavonoids and total terpene lactones appeared in May and September, respectively, then the total flavonoids declined markedly month by month, and terpene trilactones were relatively constant in the whole growing season of G. biloba.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of processing methods on quality, antioxidant capacity, and cytotoxicity of Ginkgo biloba leaf tea product

Boateng

Xiaoming

et al. 2023

J Sci Food Agric

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BACKGROUND: Ginkgo biloba leaves contain beneficial flavonoids, bilobalide (BB), and ginkgolides. However, the toxic ginkgolic acid (GA) limit its application. In this study, various traditional processing methods were used to prepare G. biloba leaf tea (GBLT), including white tea, black tea, dark tea, green tea, and freeze-dried as control, followed by investigations of their effects on quality, antioxidant capacity, bioactive components, and cytotoxicity of the tea products.RESULTS: Results showed that different processing methods significantly impact the tea products' quality indexes and the principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) corroborated it. White tea had the highest total sugar (TS) and GA content and the most potent cytotoxicity on HepG2 cells. However, TS and GA content and the cytotoxicity of GBLT markedly decreased during fermentation and fixation. Moreover, white tea possessed higher total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and more vigorous antioxidant activities than green tea, black tea, and dark tea. Terpene trilactones value was stable, but different catechins contents fluctuated according to the manufacturing process of different GBLTs. Among the four GBLTs, dark tea combining fixation and fermentation had the lowest GA content and cytotoxicity, less bioactive components reduction, appropriate quality, and stronger flavor.CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate that fixation and fermentation help reduce GAs during the manufacturing of GBLT. However, their ability to retain bioactive substances needs further optimization in future studies.

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Analysis of natural products by liquid chromatography

Qin

Zhao

2023

Liquid Chromatography

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Variation of terpene lactones composition in Ginkgo biloba (L.) leaves under the influence of harvesting time and growing location

Cited by 5 publications

References 23 publications

Effect of Methyl Jasmonate on the Terpene Trilactones, Flavonoids, and Phenolic Acids in Ginkgo biloba L. Leaves: Relevance to Leaf Senescence

Effect of Methyl Jasmonate on the Terpene Trilactones, Flavonoids, and Phenolic Acids in Ginkgo biloba L. Leaves: Relevance to Leaf Senescence

Effects of processing methods on quality, antioxidant capacity, and cytotoxicity of Ginkgo biloba leaf tea product

Analysis of natural products by liquid chromatography

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