Variational method and duality in the 2D square Potts model

Abstract

The ferromagnetic q-state Potts model on a square lattice is analyzed, for q > 4, through an elaborate version of the operatorial variational method. In the variational approach proposed in the paper, the duality relations are exactly satisfied, involving at a more fundamental level, a duality relationship between variational parameters. Besides some exact predictions, the approach is very effective in the numerical estimates over the whole range of temperature and can be systematically improved.