Variations in Anxiety and Depression as a Function of ADHD Subtypes Defined by DSM-IV: Do Subtype Differences Exist or Not?

Power, Thomas J.; Costigan, Tracy E.; Eiraldi, Ricardo; Leff, Stephen S.

doi:10.1023/b:jacp.0000007578.30863.93

Cited by 86 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…However, some researchers claim that the inattentive subtype is a distinct disorder and not a subtype of ADHD [5,7,16,48]. More specifically, the three subtypes are different from each other in inattention symptoms, associated features, demographics, and responsiveness to stimulant medication [13,18,22,54]. Nonetheless, the distinctiveness of the ADHD subtypes on neurobiological measures is not clear-cut.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis functioning among children with ADHD predominantly inattentive and combined types

West

Claes

Deboutte

2009

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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Some evidence suggests that the HPA axis may be dysfunctional in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The aim of this study was to investigate whether a different pattern of HPA axis activity is found between the inattentive (I) and combined (C) subtypes of ADHD, in comparison with healthy control children. A total of 100 prepubertal subjects [52 children with ADHD combined type (ADHD-C), 23 children with ADHD predominantly inattentive type (ADHD-I), and 25 healthy control subjects] were studied. The effects of stress were studied by comparing cortisol responses to a psychosocial stressor, consisting of a public speaking task. Children with ADHD-I showed an elevated cortisol response to the psychosocial stressor, in contrast to children with ADHD-C who showed a blunted cortisol response to the psychosocial stressor. When a distinction was made between responders and non-responders (a subject was classified as a responder when there was an increase in cortisol reactivity), hyperactivity symptoms were clearly related to a lower cortisol reactivity to stress. The results indicate that a low-cortisol responsivity to stress may be a neurobiological marker for children with ADHD-C, but not for those with ADHD-I. Directions for future research and clinical implications are discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis functioning among children with ADHD predominantly inattentive and combined types

West

Claes

Deboutte

2009

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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“…6,10 Although it is suspected that anxiety in children with ADHD would be associated with poorer quality of life (QoL) and daily functioning, research has yet to examine this. Furthermore, despite children with ADHD-Combined (ADHD-C) and ADHD-Inattentive (ADHD-I) presentation having similar levels of anxiety, 15 it is unknown whether the association between anxiety and function is similar for ADHD-C versus ADHD-I.…”

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confidence: 99%

Anxiety in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

et al. 2014

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: Up to 50% of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) meet criteria for a comorbid anxiety disorder. Despite the high prevalence of anxiety in these children, the impact of anxiety on the lives of children with ADHD has been largely overlooked.WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS: Presence of $2 anxiety comorbidities in children with ADHD was associated with poorer child quality of life, daily functioning, and behavior. Multiple anxiety comorbidities were associated with poorer functioning for children with both ADHD-Inattentive and ADHD-Combined presentation. abstract OBJECTIVES: Although anxiety is common in children with attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), it is unclear how anxiety influences the lives of these children. This study examined the association between anxiety comorbidities and functioning by comparing children with ADHD and no, 1, or $2 anxiety comorbidities. Differential associations were examined by current ADHD presentation (subtype). METHODS:Children with diagnostically confirmed ADHD (N = 392; 5-13 years) were recruited via 21 pediatrician practices across Victoria, Australia. Anxiety was assessed by using the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for Children-IV. Functional measures included parentreported: quality of life (QoL; Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0), behavior and peer problems (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire), daily functioning (Daily Parent Rating of Evening and Morning Behavior), and school attendance. Teacher-reported behavior and peer problems (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire) were also examined. Linear and logistic regression controlled for ADHD severity, medication use, comorbidities, and demographic factors. RESULTS:Children with $2 anxiety comorbidities (n = 143; 39%) had poorer QoL (effect size: -0.8) and more difficulties with behavior (effect size: 0.4) and daily functioning (effect size: 0.3) than children without anxiety (n = 132; 36%). Poorer functioning was not observed for children with 1 anxiety comorbidity (n = 95; 26%). Two or more anxiety comorbidities were associated with poorer functioning for children with both ADHD-Inattentive and ADHD-Combined presentation. CONCLUSIONS:Children with ADHD demonstrate poorer QoL, daily functioning and behavior when $2 anxiety comorbidities are present. Future research should examine whether treating anxiety in children with ADHD improves functional outcomes. Pediatrics 2014;133:801-808

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“…However, by a review of the available results of research we found several studies which included the hyperactivity subtype in research, and according to the results of that research a higher level of anxiety was found in children with symptoms of hyperactivity, in comparison with children without symptoms of hyperactivity (26). Power et al (61), using dimensional analysis, also established that internalized difficulties are more connected with hyperactivity than with attention problems. However, the results of this research were not confirmed by our research.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and comorbid disorders in 6-12 year old girls and boys

Sesar¹,

Dodaj

Sesar³

2014

Pediatr Today

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Variations in Anxiety and Depression as a Function of ADHD Subtypes Defined by DSM-IV: Do Subtype Differences Exist or Not?

Cited by 86 publications

References 24 publications

Differences in hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis functioning among children with ADHD predominantly inattentive and combined types

Differences in hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis functioning among children with ADHD predominantly inattentive and combined types

Anxiety in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and comorbid disorders in 6-12 year old girls and boys

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