Variations in concentrations of bacterial metabolites, enzyme activities, moisture, pH and bacterial composition between and within individuals in faeces of seven healthy adults

Ikeda, Nagisa; Saitō, Yoshio; Shimizu, Jun; Ochi, A.; Mizutani, Jun; Watabe, Junko

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.1994.tb03063.x

Cited by 54 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 44 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The greater stability of the numerically predominant anaerobe populations (clostridia, bifidobacteria, and bacteroides) compared to the facultative anaerobes is in agreement with the results of other authors (8,25,26). The most striking difference between the present and previously published results are the consistently low bacteroides counts.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 44%

Interindividual Differences in Microbial Counts and Biochemical-Associated Variables in the Feces of Healthy Spanish Adults

et al. 2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of this study was to examine, over a period of 1 year, interindividual variations in the most prominent and representative of the cultivatable microbial populations in the feces of eight healthy Spanish persons. A number of biochemical variables (enzyme activities and ammonium and shortchain fatty acid [SCFA] concentrations) thought to be influenced by the GIT microbiota were also analyzed. Total cultivatable microbial counts ranged from 10 10 to 10 11 cfu/g of feces. The largest populations were obligate anaerobes belonging to the Clostridium clusters, followed by species of bifidobacteria and bacteroides. Coliforms and lactobacilli were found at a more intermediate level (10 5 -10 9 cfu/g). The predominant anaerobe populations remained quite constant over time, but all other microbial groups showed significant interindividual differences. Enzyme profiles were individual-dependent, but within subjects, moderate to high intersample variations over time were recorded for some activities. Fecal ammonium concentration was the most unpredictable variable; this fluctuated widely between individuals and samples. Acetic acid was the most abundant SCFA in the feces, followed by butyric and propionic acids. SCFA concentrations also varied according to the individual; some subjects showed specific profiles in terms of SCFA composition or concentration. The fecal microbial and biochemical parameters studied seemed to be individual-dependent. Most variables were rather stable over time, while others (e.g., ammonium concentration) varied widely.

show abstract

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 44%

Interindividual Differences in Microbial Counts and Biochemical-Associated Variables in the Feces of Healthy Spanish Adults

et al. 2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Our results are in basic agreement with those of a previous study (10) in respect of the relationships among fecal pH, water content, SCFAs concentration and concentrations of intestinal putrefactive products. On the other hand, we did not find any significant changes in the amount of CO 2 and indicators of intestinal environment in response to dietary manipulation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Correlation Between Indicators of Intestinal Environment and Amount of Carbon Dioxide in Gas Excreted During Defecation

Hirayama

Hashimoto

Takeshita

et al. 2010

Bioscience Microflora

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Intestinal microbiota have marked metabolic activity and influences the host in both beneficial and harmful ways. In the present study, we developed an apparatus to measure the amount of CO 2 in the gas excreted during defecation and investigated whether this amount of CO 2 can be used as an indicator of the intestinal environment. The apparatus consists of a fan and a commercial CO 2 sensor attached to a toilet stool. Fecal pH, fecal water content, concentrations of short chain organic acids (SCFAs) and intestinal putrefactive products and composition of fecal microbiota were analyzed as indicators of the intestinal environment. The apparatus could measure the amount of CO 2 in the gas with good reproducibility, irrespective of the open area at the top of the toilet stool, position of gas injection and composition of the gas. In a volunteer study, the amount of CO 2 in defecation gas correlated with pH, water content and concentrations of SCFAs and intestinal putrefactive products in the feces, although correlation with the composition of intestinal microbiota was not be observed. The results indicate that the amount of CO 2 in defecation gas can be measured with simple and sanitary procedures and is a good indicator of the intestinal environment.

show abstract

“…This finding strongly supports the suggestion that the composition of the microbiota plays an important role in human health. Inter-and intraindividual variations in bacterial composition, enzyme activities, moisture, and pH in healthy individuals have been previously demonstrated, regardless of DAG production (23). Moreover, variations in fecal DAG content have been demonstrated in vivo, and it has been suggested that this is due to changes in the proportion of bacterial species possessing phospholipase C, an enzyme involved in DAG conversion (31).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Species Involved in Production of 1,2- sn -Diacylglycerol and Effects of Phosphatidylcholine on Human Fecal Microbiota

Vulevic

McCartney

Gee

et al. 2004

Appl Environ Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

1,2-sn-Diacylglycerols (DAGs) are activators of protein kinase C (PKC), which is involved in the regulation of colonic mucosal proliferation. Extracellular DAG has been shown to stimulate the growth of cancer cell lines in vitro and may therefore play an important role in tumor promotion. DAG has been detected in human fecal extracts and is thought to be of microbial origin. Hitherto, no attempts have been made to identify the predominant fecal bacterial species involved in its production. We therefore used anaerobic batch culture systems to determine whether fecal bacteria could utilize phosphatidylcholine (0.5% [wt/vol]) to produce DAG. Production was found to be dependent upon the presence of the substrate and was enhanced in the presence of high concentrations of deoxycholate (5 and 10 mM) in the growth medium. Moreover, its production increased with the pH, and large inter-and intraindividual variations were observed between cultures seeded with inocula from different individuals. Clostridia and Escherichia coli multiplied in the fermentation systems, indicating their involvement in phosphatidylcholine metabolism. On the other hand, there was a significant decrease in the number of Bifidobacterium spp. in the presence of phosphatidylcholine. Pure-culture experiments showed that 10 of the 12 strains yielding the highest DAG levels (>50 nmol/ml) were isolated from batch culture enrichments run at pH 8.5. We found that the strains capable of producing large amounts of DAG were predominantly Clostridium bifermentans (8 of 12), followed by Escherichia coli (2 of 12). Interestingly, one DAG-producing strain was Bifidobacterium infantis, which is often considered a beneficial gut microorganism. Our results have provided further evidence that fecal bacteria can produce DAG and that specific bacterial groups are involved in this process. Future strategies to reduce DAG formation in the gut should target these species.

show abstract

Variations in concentrations of bacterial metabolites, enzyme activities, moisture, pH and bacterial composition between and within individuals in faeces of seven healthy adults

Cited by 54 publications

References 44 publications

Interindividual Differences in Microbial Counts and Biochemical-Associated Variables in the Feces of Healthy Spanish Adults

Interindividual Differences in Microbial Counts and Biochemical-Associated Variables in the Feces of Healthy Spanish Adults

Correlation Between Indicators of Intestinal Environment and Amount of Carbon Dioxide in Gas Excreted During Defecation

Microbial Species Involved in Production of 1,2- sn -Diacylglycerol and Effects of Phosphatidylcholine on Human Fecal Microbiota

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About