Variations in jump height explain the between‐sex difference in patellar tendon loading during landing

Janssen, Ina; Brown, Nicholas; Munro, Bridget J.; Steele, Julie R.

doi:10.1111/sms.12172

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(58 reference statements)

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“…Dancers with PFP used excessive effort to jump higher than those without PFP when instructions provided them to keep pace and elegant posture. This finding was similar to previous work indicating that athletes with patellar tendinopathy demonstrated better jump performance than uninjured athletes, particularly during ballistic jumps involving eccentric force generation [22,25,42]. Low pain severity reported by the PFP group could be one of reasons that dancers with PFP demonstrated greater jumping height.…”

Section: Discussion ▼supporting

confidence: 89%

Influences of Patellofemoral Pain and Fatigue in Female Dancers during Ballet Jump-Landing

et al. 2015

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This study investigated the influence of patellofemoral pain (PFP) and fatigue on lower-extremity joint biomechanics in female dancers during consecutive simple ground échappé. 3-dimensional joint mechanics were analyzed from the no-fatigue to fatigue conditions. 2-way mixed ANOVAs were used to compare the differences of the kinematic and kinetic variables between groups and conditions. Group main effects were seen in increased jump height (p=0.03), peak vertical ground reaction force (p=0.01), knee joint power absorption (p=0.04), and patellofemoral joint stress (PFJS, p=0.04) for PFP group. Fatigue main effects were found for decreased jump height (p<0.01), decreased ankle plantarflexion at initial foot-ground contact (p=0.01), and decreased ankle displacement (p<0.01). Hip external rotation impulse and hip joint stiffness increased (both p<0.01) while knee extension and external rotation moment, and ankle joint power absorption decreased (p<0.01, p=0.02, p<0.01, respectively) after fatigue. The peak PFJS also decreased after fatigue (p<0.01). Female ballet dancers with PFP sustained great ground impact and loads on the knee probably due to higher jump height compared to the controls. All dancers presented diminished knee joint loading for the protective mechanism and endurance of ankle joint musculature required for the dissipation of loads and displayed a distal-to-proximal dissipation strategy after fatigue.

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Section: Discussion ▼supporting

confidence: 89%

Influences of Patellofemoral Pain and Fatigue in Female Dancers during Ballet Jump-Landing

et al. 2015

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“…The participants performed 3 different landing styles using the dominant lower extremity, which was defined as the limb preferred for the single-legged landing, from a 30-cm box (women) or a 45-cm box (men). The men landed from a greater box height because their jump capacities are often greater than those of women [21][22][23][24] and because we confirmed that recreationally active men and women could successfully perform the 3 landing styles from these box heights. After digitization procedures were performed as described previously, 16 the participants were familiarized with single-legged drop landings until they were comfortable with all styles.…”

Section: Data Collectionsupporting

confidence: 50%

Changing Sagittal-Plane Landing Styles to Modulate Impact and Tibiofemoral Force Magnitude and Directions Relative to the Tibia

Shimokochi

Ambegaonkar

Meyer

2016

Journal of Athletic Training

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Context: Ground reaction force (GRF) and tibiofemoral force magnitudes and directions have been shown to affect anterior cruciate ligament loading during landing. However, the kinematic and kinetic factors modifying these 2 forces during landing are unknown.Objective: To clarify the intersegmental kinematic and kinetic links underlying the alteration of the GRF and tibiofemoral force vectors secondary to changes in the sagittal-plane body position during single-legged landing.Design: Crossover study. Setting: Laboratory.Patients or Other Participants: Twenty recreationally active participants (age ¼ 23.4 6 3.6 years, height ¼ 171.0 6 9.4 cm, mass ¼ 73.3 6 12.7 kg).Intervention(s): Participants performed single-legged landings using 3 landing styles: self-selected landing (SSL), body leaning forward and landing on the toes (LFL), and body upright with flat-footed landing (URL). Three-dimensional kinetics and kinematics were recorded.Main Outcome Measure(s): Sagittal-plane tibial inclination and knee-flexion angles, GRF magnitude and inclination angles relative to the tibia, and proximal tibial forces at peak tibial axial forces.Results: The URL resulted in less time to peak tibial axial forces, smaller knee-flexion angles, and greater magnitude and a more anteriorly inclined GRF vector relative to the tibia than did the SSL. These changes led to the greatest peak tibial axial and anterior shear forces in the URL among the 3 landing styles. Conversely, the LFL resulted in longer time to peak tibial axial forces, greater knee-flexion angles, and reduced magnitude and a more posteriorly inclined GRF vector relative to the tibia than the SSL. These changes in LFL resulted in the lowest peak tibial axial and largest posterior shear forces among the 3 landing styles.Conclusions: Sagittal-plane intersegmental kinematic and kinetic links strongly affected the magnitude and direction of GRF and tibiofemoral forces during the impact phase of singlelegged landing. Therefore, improving sagittal-plane landing mechanics is important in reducing harmful magnitudes and directions of impact forces on the anterior cruciate ligament.Key Words: anterior cruciate ligament, tibial posterior slope, lower extremity biomechanics, injury prevention, landing strategy Key PointsAt the impact phase of single-legged landing, sagittal-plane kinetics and kinematics of body segments were strongly related, affecting both the magnitude and direction of the ground reaction force (GRF) and tibiofemoral forces relative to the tibia and anterior cruciate ligament injury risk. A longer time to peak GRF in single-legged landing on the toes with the body leaning forward allowed greater knee flexion, anterior tibial inclination, and shock attenuation, leading to a reduced magnitude of GRF that was more posteriorly inclined relative to the tibia and smaller tibial axial forces and posteriorly directed tibial shear forces. A shorter time to peak GRF during flat-footed landing with the body upright led to less knee flexion, anterior tibial inclination, and s...

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“…In the sport of volleyball, this 0.03 m increase in jump height is deemed functionally meaningful (Sheppard et al., ). We have previously demonstrated that jump height is a critical factor in patellar tendon loading (Janssen et al., 2014a), and male volleyball players with a greater maximal vertical jump ability are more likely to develop patellar tendinopathy compared with players with a lower vertical jump (Visnes et al., ). Therefore, it is possible that an accumulation of repeatedly higher jump heights contributes to the greater patellar tendinopathy prevalence evident in elite male volleyball players, although this requires further investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Isokinetic testing can be used to quantify concentric and eccentric quadriceps muscle strength to identify whether between‐participant differences in quadriceps muscle strength exist, and whether they affect a participant's landing technique. Our previous study identified that male volleyball players with greater quadriceps strength were predicted to incur higher patellar tendon loading (Janssen et al., ), and that jump height was the critical factor in patellar tendon loading (Janssen et al., 2014a). Therefore, it is possible that these patellar tendinopathy risk factors may vary between players of different skill levels and help to explain the between‐skill differences in patellar tendinopathy prevalence.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Previously identified patellar tendinopathy risk factors differ between elite and sub‐elite volleyball players

Janssen

Steele

Munro

et al. 2014

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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Patellar tendinopathy is the most common knee injury incurred in volleyball, with its prevalence in elite athletes more than three times that of their sub-elite counterparts. The purpose of this study was to determine whether patellar tendinopathy risk factors differed between elite and sub-elite male volleyball players. Nine elite and nine sub-elite male volleyball players performed a lateral stop-jump block movement. Maximum vertical jump, training history, muscle extensibility and strength, three-dimensional landing kinematics (250 Hz), along with lower limb neuromuscular activation patterns (1500 Hz), and patellar tendon loading were collected during each trial. Multivariate analyses of variance (P < 0.05) assessed for between-group differences in risk factors or patellar tendon loading. Significant interaction effects were further evaluated using post-hoc univariate analysis of variance tests. Landing kinematics, neuromuscular activation patterns, patellar tendon loading, and most of the previously identified risk factors did not differ between the elite and sub-elite players. However, elite players participated in a higher training volume and had less quadriceps extensibility than sub-elite players. Therefore, high training volume is likely the primary contributor to the injury discrepancy between elite and sub-elite volleyball players. Interventions designed to reduce landing frequency and improve quadriceps extensibility are recommended to reduce patellar tendinopathy prevalence in volleyball players.

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Variations in jump height explain the between‐sex difference in patellar tendon loading during landing

Cited by 14 publications

References 34 publications

Influences of Patellofemoral Pain and Fatigue in Female Dancers during Ballet Jump-Landing

Influences of Patellofemoral Pain and Fatigue in Female Dancers during Ballet Jump-Landing

Changing Sagittal-Plane Landing Styles to Modulate Impact and Tibiofemoral Force Magnitude and Directions Relative to the Tibia

Previously identified patellar tendinopathy risk factors differ between elite and sub‐elite volleyball players

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