Variations in suspended sediment and associated trace element concentrations in selected riverine cross sections

Horowitz, Arthur J.; Rinella, Frank A.; Lamothe, Paul J.; Miller, Timothy L.; Edwards, Thomas K.; Roche, Richard L.; Rickert, David A.

doi:10.1021/es00079a003

Cited by 93 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…퇴적물 내 중금속은 입도 및 광물조성 자료 등에 복합 적인 영향을 받으며, 세립한 입자에서 중금속 농도가 높고 조립한 퇴적물 일수록 낮은 농도를 나타내고 있다 (Horowitz 1990). 따라서 퇴적물 입도에 따른 농도차이를 배제하고 오염도를 평가하기 위하여 중금속 자료의 표준 화(normalization)가 사용되기 시작하였으며 (Luoma and Byan 1981;Horowitz et al 1990), 이러한 표준화는 지각 의 주요 구성성분인 Al (Bruland et al 1974;Windom et al 1989), Fe (Szefer 1990), Li (Loring 1990) 등의 원소들을 적용하였다.…”

Section: 중금속 오염도 평가unclassified

“…따라서 퇴적물 입도에 따른 농도차이를 배제하고 오염도를 평가하기 위하여 중금속 자료의 표준 화(normalization)가 사용되기 시작하였으며 (Luoma and Byan 1981;Horowitz et al 1990), 이러한 표준화는 지각 의 주요 구성성분인 Al (Bruland et al 1974;Windom et al 1989), Fe (Szefer 1990), Li (Loring 1990) 등의 원소들을 적용하였다. 본 연구에서는 각각의 금속원소에 대한 퇴 적물의 농축도(오염도)를 평가하기 위하여 농축계수 Pollution load index(PLI)는 연구지역의 배경농도를 이 용하여 분석된 중금속을 모두 포함한 오염도를 평가하는 데 사용되며 다음과 같은 식에 의하여 계산된다 (Tomlinson et al 1980).…”

Section: 중금속 오염도 평가unclassified

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Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in Mangrove Sediments of Chuuk and Kosrae, Federated States of Micronesia

Ra¹,

Lee²,

Noh³

et al. 2013

Ocean and Polar Research

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: Heavy metals in the mangrove sediments of Chuuk and Kosrae, Federated States of Micronesia were analyzed to examine the pollution levels of heavy metals using enrichment factor (EF) and pollution load index (PLI). The mean concentrations of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd and Pb in surface mangrove sediments were 642, 125, 46.9, 149, 15.6, 0.14 and 8.55 μg, respectively. Kosrae mangrove sediments showed the highest concentrations of Cr and Ni while Chuuk contains more of other metals such as Cu, Zn, As, Cd and Pb. Compared to those from other mangrove regions of the world, Cr, Ni and As levels in mangrove sediments from Micronesia were at higher levels whereas Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb were at lower to median levels. In core sediment of Chuuk, metal concentrations in the upper part were higher than those in the lower part. Based on the EF and PLI values, As is evaluated as the heaviest contaminant in the surface sediment from Micronesia whilst other metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) are present at slightly lesser levels.

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Section: 중금속 오염도 평가unclassified

Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in Mangrove Sediments of Chuuk and Kosrae, Federated States of Micronesia

Ra¹,

Lee²,

Noh³

et al. 2013

Ocean and Polar Research

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“…Therefore it should be apparent that collection of a grab sample at a single depth, from the centroid of flow or from one bank is unlikely to produce representative samples of suspended sediments (Horowitz, 1997;Horowitz et al, 1989). Representative suspended sediment sampling requires a composite of a series of depth-and width-integrated isokinetic samples obtained either at equal discharge or at equal width increments across a river (Horowitz et al, 1990;Horowitz, 1997). The increased velocities and turbulence found in the centre of many rivers leads to lateral variation of suspended sediment concentrations with elevated values in the middle of the cross section.…”

Section: Suspended Sedimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncertainties in selected river water quality data

Rode

Suhr

2007

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

103

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Abstract.Monitoring of surface waters is primarily done to detect the status and trends in water quality and to identify whether observed trends arise from natural or anthropogenic causes. Empirical quality of river water quality data is rarely certain and knowledge of their uncertainties is essential to assess the reliability of water quality models and their predictions. The objective of this paper is to assess the uncertainties in selected river water quality data, i.e. suspended sediment, nitrogen fraction, phosphorus fraction, heavy metals and biological compounds. The methodology used to structure the uncertainty is based on the empirical quality of data and the sources of uncertainty in data (van Loon et al., 2005). A literature review was carried out including additional experimental data of the Elbe river. All data of compounds associated with suspended particulate matter have considerable higher sampling uncertainties than soluble concentrations. This is due to high variability within the cross section of a given river. This variability is positively correlated with total suspended particulate matter concentrations. Sampling location has also considerable effect on the representativeness of a water sample. These sampling uncertainties are highly site specific. The estimation of uncertainty in sampling can only be achieved by taking at least a proportion of samples in duplicates. Compared to sampling uncertainties, measurement and analytical uncertainties are much lower. Instrument quality can be stated well suited for field and laboratory situations for all considered constituents. Analytical errors can contribute considerably to the overall uncertainty of river water quality data. Temporal autocorrelation of river water quality data is present but literature on general behaviour of water quality compounds is rare. For meso scale river catchments (500-3000 km 2 ) reasonable yearly dissolved load calculations can be achieved using biweekly sample frequencies. For suspended sediments none of the methods invesCorrespondence to: M. Rode (michael.rode@ufz.de) tigated produced very reliable load estimates when weekly concentrations data were used. Uncertainties associated with loads estimates based on infrequent samples will decrease with increasing size of rivers.

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“…Les études portant sur les variations de la composition chimique des eaux naturelles et sur les processus la régissant constituent une donne nécessaire pour connaître la variabilité géographique des processus d'altération, l'influence de l'activité anthropique et les flux exportés à l'Océan Mondial : Martin & Meybeck, 1979;Milliman & Meade, 1983;Snoussi, 1988 ;Horovitz et al, 1990;Abdel-Hamid et al, 1992;Probst et al, 1992 ;Thomas & Meybeck, 1992 ;Shankar & Manjunatha, 1994;ldlafkih et al, 1995;Zhang et al, 1995;Sinawi & Walling, 1996. Dans le cadre du programme national français << Dynamique et Bilan de la Terre II ,,, une étude relativement complète de la géochimie des eaux a été menée dans le bassin de I'Orne sur deux cycles complets, 1993cycles complets, -1 994 et 1994cycles complets, -1995cycles complets, (Nasseh et al, 1996. Nous exposons dans ce travail les ré-sultats concernant les niveaux et la dynamique de transport des métaux majeurs et en traces particulaires, leurs variations dans le temps et dans l'espace et les bilans calculés.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Transport de la charge solide dans le bassin versant de I'Orne. Composition, variabilité et flux (1994-1995)

Nasseh

Texier²,

Lacroix

et al. 1999

Hydroécol. Appl.

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Variations in suspended sediment and associated trace element concentrations in selected riverine cross sections

Cited by 93 publications

References 6 publications

Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in Mangrove Sediments of Chuuk and Kosrae, Federated States of Micronesia

Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in Mangrove Sediments of Chuuk and Kosrae, Federated States of Micronesia

Uncertainties in selected river water quality data

Transport de la charge solide dans le bassin versant de I'Orne. Composition, variabilité et flux (1994-1995)

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