Variations in the central corneal thickness during the menstrual cycle in Indian women

Mishra, Deepak; Bhushan, Prashant; Sachan, Shikha; Singh, MK; Jayadev, Chaitra; Kusumgar, Pallak

doi:10.4103/ijo.ijo_1207_20

Cited by 6 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…After all, IOP differences were like those found by Adhikari between the proliferative and secretory phases [ 72 ]. The lack of a cyclical effect on CCT also contrasts with previous findings of cyclical CCT differences [ 9 , 73 ]. CCT in both of those studies was also collected on different days than in our study, i.e., very early (<day 3) and very late (>day 27) in the cycle.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Sex, Oral Contraception, and Menstrual Cycle Phase on Intraocular Pressure, Central Corneal Thickness, and Foveal Thickness: A Descriptive Analysis

Fortepiani

Foutch

Wilson

2021

Vision

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The primary goal of this study was to investigate the effects of sex, oral contraceptive (OC) use, and menstrual cycle phase on common ocular parameters assessed during ophthalmic evaluations, namely intraocular pressure (IOP), central corneal thickness (CCT), and foveal thickness (FT), in young healthy adults. We measured IOP, CCT, and FT in 60 participants (16 men, 16 contraceptive users, and 28 cycling women) over two sessions that characterized the menstrual cycle phase in women. For men in our study, two sessions were separated by two weeks. For women, the two sessions were scheduled during the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle. There was a trend towards higher IOP in men, and the difference was significant for white, non-Hispanic subjects and for white subjects considered separately. There was also a trend for thicker corneas in women, but men had significantly thicker foveae. CCT and FT were not different between men and OC-users, hinting at a moderating hormonal effect of oral contraceptive use. We found that IOP, CCT, and FT were equivalent between the follicular and luteal phases, which may be owing to the timing of our sessions. However, our findings strongly suggest that clinicians should consider contraceptive use during routine ophthalmic evaluations, as it could inform glaucomatous risk in women.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Sex, Oral Contraception, and Menstrual Cycle Phase on Intraocular Pressure, Central Corneal Thickness, and Foveal Thickness: A Descriptive Analysis

Fortepiani

Foutch

Wilson

2021

Vision

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“…In a study by Goldich et al that included 22 women, IOP measured by Goldmann applanation tonometry increased at ovulation compared with the end of the menstrual cycle, with a difference of around 1 mmHg ( p = 0.05) [ 8 ]. Although these changes may be associated with the fluctuations in female sex hormones, Mishra et al suggested that the concurrent surge in systemic antidiuretic hormone (ADH) levels produced by the pituitary gland around ovulation might also contribute to the thickness of the cornea by increasing tissue hydration [ 9 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In an analysis of 105 women, Mishra et al demonstrated that the central cornea tends to be thinnest at the start of the menstrual cycle (542 ± 4.21 um) and thickest at mid-cycle (i.e., during ovulation; 559 ± 4.50 um, p < 0.001) [ 9 ]. Several smaller studies have reported similar results [ 8 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While more extensive studies are needed to confirm the precise pattern of changes in CCT during the menstrual cycle, some studies have suggested statistically significant changes in CCT between the cycle’s different phases. Such variations can be critical in determining potential candidates or ideal timing for surgery [ 8 , 9 ]. As shown by Goldich et al, an overestimation of the corneal thickness and an underestimation of hysteresis may occur if the patient is evaluated at the time of ovulation [ 8 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As shown by Goldich et al, an overestimation of the corneal thickness and an underestimation of hysteresis may occur if the patient is evaluated at the time of ovulation [ 8 ]. These changes in CCT during the menstrual cycle indicate that a menstrual history may be imperative before refractive surgery evaluation, contact lens fitting, or glaucoma assessment [ 9 ]. We propose that these evaluations include an assessment of a woman’s menstrual cycle phase.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of female sex hormones on the human cornea across a woman’s life cycle

et al. 2023

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The cornea is a hormone-responsive tissue that responds to changing levels of female sex hormones. This review focuses on the structural and functional changes in the human cornea associated with the hormonal milestones of menarche, pregnancy, and menopause, as well as consequences stemming from the use of exogenous sex hormones for fertility control and replacement. Articles were identified by searching PubMed without language or region restrictions. The primary outcomes evaluated were changes in central corneal thickness (CCT), intraocular pressure (IOP), and quality of the ocular tear film. The potential impact of hormone-associated changes on the diagnosis and surgical management of common eye diseases, as well as the potential use of sex hormones as therapeutic agents is also considered. Understanding the physiological effects of female sex hormones on the cornea is important because that knowledge can shape the management decisions physicians and women face about ocular health across their life stages.

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Clinical implementation of ocular health findings in different phases of the menstruation cycle - A systematic review

Mondal,

Verma,

Karmakar

et al. 2023

IJCEO

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Menstrual cycles are essential to women's health and play a significant role in their daily lives. While the hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle are recognized, research has focused on investigating their specific effects on ocular and visual characteristics. This review aims to comprehensively explore the potential alterations in ocular parameters and alterations to visual performance throughout the cycle of menstruation. Following a search in various research repositories, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Ovid, and EMBASE, both original and review publications were reviewed, and information was utilized in this study. Studies with changes in Ocular parameters during all three menstrual cycle phases were noted. The reported studies documented only normally menstruating women. This study provided valuable knowledge and awareness of the risk factors for menstrual cycle-related ocular symptoms and changes and the impact of these conditions on women's life. This information can be used to develop evidence-based guidelines for managing menstrual cycle-related ocular problems and their significance in clinical practice.

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Variations in the central corneal thickness during the menstrual cycle in Indian women

Cited by 6 publications

References 19 publications

The Effects of Sex, Oral Contraception, and Menstrual Cycle Phase on Intraocular Pressure, Central Corneal Thickness, and Foveal Thickness: A Descriptive Analysis

The Effects of Sex, Oral Contraception, and Menstrual Cycle Phase on Intraocular Pressure, Central Corneal Thickness, and Foveal Thickness: A Descriptive Analysis

The effects of female sex hormones on the human cornea across a woman’s life cycle

Clinical implementation of ocular health findings in different phases of the menstruation cycle - A systematic review

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